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Open borders? The eastern enlargement process

Open borders? The eastern enlargement process. Content. Enlargement processes until 1995 Eastern enlargement Public opinion and sentiment Outlook: future enlargements Special case Turkey (workshop). Enlargement processes until 1995.

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Open borders? The eastern enlargement process

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  1. Open borders? The eastern enlargement process

  2. Content • Enlargement processes until 1995 • Eastern enlargement • Public opinion and sentiment • Outlook: future enlargements • Special case Turkey (workshop)

  3. Enlargement processes until 1995 • 1951: (W-) Germany, France, Italy, Benelux-states create the ECSC • Controlling production • Avoiding possibility of a new war • 1959: Ireland, GB, Denmark express interest to be part of the network • France’s veto let GB fail twice • 1969: agreement on conditions for entering EEC

  4. First enlargement 1973 • ‚Northern Enlargement‘ with GB, Ireland, Denmark  Economical and rational interests dominate

  5. Second and third enlargement 1981/1986 • ‚Southern Enlargement‘ with Spain, Portugal, Greece • Stabilisation of democracies and economies • EU’s new face: political motives, heterogeneity, new distributions of monetary means

  6. Fourth enlargement 1995 • ‚Northern Enlargement‘: Austria, Sweden, Finland  Higher rights of co-determination (EU-lawmaking)

  7. Intensification of economical and political communication and actions Stabilisation of economies and democracies Rise of socio-economical situations Loss of sovereignty (i.e. Norway, Greece, Finland) Heterogeneity and new financial distributions (‘harmonisation downwards’) Two sides of EU-enlargements

  8. Fifth enlargement 2004 • 1989/1991: collapse of the socialistic regime and entire change of systems in middle and eastern European states • 1990’s: ‘Return to Europe’ • Overcoming Soviet suppression and European seperation • Dissolution of self-isolating border, focussing joint history, renewing cultural and social values

  9. Inclusion and exclusion • Inclusion: promotion of European safety through adjusting social-economical conditions • Exclusion: retaining domestic safety by excluding undesirable elements (cheap labour, terrorism, etc)

  10. joint history, cultural and social values western prosperity level Reduction of poverty and unemployment Open borders Strong economical competition Rural areas: no beneficiaries Loss of sovereignty EU: centralistic, undemocratic Strive for EU vs. eurosceptisism

  11. Public sentiment • (Stronger) support: countries economically profiting from enlargement • Reserved support: wealthier and big countries + countries with large numbers of minorities • fear of job transfer into new member states and of loosing job • EU-enlargement: reduction of social security

  12. Outlook • One third of the Europeans still think Europe consists of 15 members • EU-pessimism amongst several countries is rising

  13. Discussion • How can we cope with the challenges of Turkey‘s possible joining? • Can education have an impact on fostering permeability of borders that still exist in people‘s mind?

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