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Blood Types & Disease

Blood Types & Disease. Class Notes 7. 1. What are the 4 main blood types? What accounts for their differences?. A. Blood Types: A, B, AB and O B. Blood Type refers to proteins found on the RBCs C. Blood Type is determined by 2 genes: 1. ABO gene (2 alleles which are codominant )

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Blood Types & Disease

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  1. Blood Types & Disease • Class Notes 7

  2. 1. What are the 4 main blood types? What accounts for their differences? A. Blood Types: A, B, AB and O B. Blood Type refers to proteins found on the RBCs C. Blood Type is determined by 2 genes: • 1. ABO gene (2 alleles which are codominant) • 2. Rh gene (2 alleles) • Rh+ is dominant • Rh-is recessive

  3. 2. What is the distribution of blood types in the U.S.? • O+ - 38% • O- - 7% • A+ - 34% • A- - 6% • B+ - 9% • B- - 2% • AB+ - 3% • AB- - 1%

  4. 3. What is an antigen? • Antigen: any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it. • ex. food, pollen, dust, fur, clothing, the wrong blood! • If you have a blood transfusion with the wrong type of blood, your blood will clump

  5. 4. What are the rules for blood donation? • If you need a blood transfusion, the best is to receive blood that matches your blood type. • People with Type O blood are universal donors because it contains no antigens on the RBCs to cause an immune response • HOWEVER, people with Type O blood can only receive Type O blood (or they will DIE!) • People with Type AB blood are universal recipients because they can receive any type of blood

  6. Fun and Games!

  7. 5. What is anemia? • Too few RBCs or too little hemoglobin • Usually caused by an iron deficiency; may be genetic as well • Classic symptom: fatigue

  8. 6. What is hemochromatosis? • Genetic disease where too much iron builds up in the body and become toxic • Causes liver and heart damage; skin may become darker • Treatment: periodic blood removal

  9. 7. What is jaundice? • Newborns’ immature livers usually don’t function fully and cannot handle the proper removal of dead RBC parts • It usually goes away when the newborn starts having proper bowel movements (poops)

  10. 8. What is hemophilia? • Genetic disorder in which the body does not produce one of the clotting factors needed to stop bleeding • Sex-linked; on the X chromosome, so usually found in males and females are carriers • Can bleed to death from a simple cut

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