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Perspectives of Mental Health

Perspectives of Mental Health. The Past: A Short History. Labels for the Mentally Ill. -Witches -Evildoers -Lunatics. How ancients dealt with abnormal behavior:. *Rituals were performed by shamans, magicians, & priests Potions were given to rid the body of “evil” spirits

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Perspectives of Mental Health

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  1. Perspectives of Mental Health The Past: A Short History

  2. Labels for the Mentally Ill -Witches -Evildoers -Lunatics

  3. How ancients dealt with abnormal behavior: *Rituals were performed by shamans, magicians, & priests • Potions were given to rid the body of “evil” spirits • Exorcisms were carried out

  4. What does archeological evidence demonstrate?

  5. Trepanation A procedure whereby a hole is drilled in skull to release the evil spirits.

  6. Ancient Greeks believed: -Mentally ill were possessed & being punished by gods for wrongdoing -Prayer could cure possession

  7. Greek physician, Hippocrates Believed that the origin of mental disorders are an imbalance of body fluids: -blood -phlegm -yellow bile -black bile

  8. Depression—according to Hippocrates -Resulted from excess of black bile -Used the term “melancholy” to refer to depression melan = black chole = bile

  9. Middle AgesWide-spread belief that witchcraft and demonic possession were causes of insanity.

  10. Abnormal behavior was evidence of devil’s work—treatment was responsibility of the church

  11. During the RenaissanceAncients believed that movements of the moon & stars caused madness.

  12. During the 1500’s special institutions, insane asylums, were built to house the mentally ill.

  13. Chaotic & unsanitary living conditions in asylums Infamous London robber, Jack Sheppard, visiting his mother in notorious Bethlehem asylum.

  14. The Bethlehem asylum was nicknamed “Bedlam” for its chaotic, unsanitary living conditions.

  15. In 1840s, French physician, Philippe Pinel supervises unchaining of hospital inmates. Pinel’s mental health reforms led to the widespread movement called moraltherapy.

  16. In colonial times, people who behaved abnormally were thought to be in league with the devil! Only a “dunking test” could resolve the allegation.

  17. If the “possessed” woman did not drown, she was thought to be in league with the devil. Dunking test. . .the ultimate no-win situation.

  18. 1840s Dorthea Dix American Schoolteacher -Campaigned for humane treatment of mentally disturbed -Persuaded legislature to provide state funds for improvement of mental institutions

  19. In 1883, Emil Kraepelin, German psychiatrist, developed a system for diagnosing & classifying mental illness.

  20. Kraepelin was one of the most influential psychiatrists of his time. His classification system for mental illness influenced subsequent classifications.

  21. -Kraeplein went traveling as far as India,Mexico, and the U.S. -He was planning a journey to Ceylor with one of his pupils when he died in 1926.

  22. The journey continues . . .

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