The Reproductive System- Male and Female Reproductive Systems

1. The Reproductive System-Male and Female Reproductive Systems Learn more about the Reproductive System here!! S.Mayette & E. Rogers

2. The Index Page • There are two types of Reproduction • Human Development and Reproduction • Different parts of the Male Reproduction System

3. Types of Reproduction • There are two types of Reproduction asexual and sexual. • Asexual-produces offspring genetically identical to the parent examples would be budding, fission, fragmentation, it allows an organism to produce offspring without the time and courtship of finding a mate or mating. • Sexual reproduction-new individuals are produced by the fusion of haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote, sperm are the male gametes and the ovaries are the female gametes, Sexual reproduction offers the benefit of generating genetic variation among offspring, which enhances the chances of the population's survival, two individuals are needed for this type of reproduction

4. Human Development and Reproduction • Human reproduction employs internal fertilization • Depends on theaction of the hormones, the Nervous System, and the Reproductive System • Gonads, are the sex organs that produce gametes • The male gonads are the testes, which produce sperm and the male sex hormones

5. The Male Reproductive System The testes are suspended outside the abdominal cavity by the scrotum, it is the pouch of skin that keeps the testes close or far from the body at an optimal temperature for the sperm to develop. Sperm pass through the vas deferens and connect to a short ejaculatory duct that connects to the urethra. The urethra passes through the penis and opens to the outside. Secretions from the seminal vesicles add fructose and prostaglandins to sperm as they pass. The prostate secretes a milky alkaline fluid. Sperm and secretions make up semen. S.Mayette

6. The urethra goes through the penis. In humans, the penis contains three cylinders of spongy, erectile tissue. During arousal, these More about the Reproductive System • The bulbourethral glands or Cowper’s glands are the third of the accessory structures. These are a small pair of glands along the urethra below the prostate. Their fluid is secreted just before emission of the semen, thus it is thought that this fluid may serve as a lubricant for inserting the penis into the, but because the volume of these secretions is very small, people are not totally sure of this function. • In humans the penis contains three cylinders of spongy erectile tissue. During arousal these become filled with blood from the arteries that supply them and the pressure seals off the veins that drain these areas. • This causes an erection, which is necessary for a man’s penis to enter the vagina.

7. The male reproductive system is like the female in that, they both consist of those organs whose function is to produce a new individual. • This system contains a pair of testes and a network of excretory ducts (epididymus, ductus deferens), (and ejaculatory ductus), seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, the Cowper’s gland, and the penis.’ • The male sexual response includes the erection and the orgasm along with the ejaculation of semen. • More about the System

8. Male Reproductive System Seminal Vesicles Bladder Pubic Symphysis Rectum Vas deferens Prostate Gland Cowper’s Gland Urethra Anus Glans Penis Epididymus Testes Foreskin Scrotum

9. The Bladder • Its an organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys prior to the disposal of urination

10. Pubic Symphysis • The pubic symphysis is the midline cartilaginous joint uniting the superior rami of the left and right pubic bones (pubis).

11. Vas Deferens • The vas deferens are also called ductus deferens. There are two ducts, they are muscular tubes connecting the left and right epididymus to the ejaculatory ducts to move sperm. Each tube is about 30 centimeters long.

12. Cowper’s Gland • The Cowper’s Gland is also known as the bulbourethral gland. • They are located behind and lateral to the membranous portion of the urethra at the base of the penis

13. Urethra • The Urethra is the tube which connects to the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

14. Glans Penis • The Glans Penis is the sensitive erectile tip of the penis. It is also referred to as the head of the penis, although that’s not the proper medical terminology.

15. Foreskin • It’s the retractable double-layered fold of skin that covers the Glans Penis and protects the urinary meatus when the penis is not erect.

16. Scrotum • The Scrotum is the bag of skin and muscle containing the testicles. Its an extension from the abdomen and is located between the penis and the anus.

17. Testes • The testes are the male generative glands. There are two of them in mammals.They are often contained within an extension of the abdomen called the scrotum.

18. Epididymis • It’s a narrow ,tightly coiled tube connecting efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to the vas deferens. Its divided into three different parts, the head, the body and the tail.

19. Anus • The anus is the external opening of the rectum. The closure is controlled by the sphincter muscles .Feces are expelled from the body through the anus.

20. The Prostate Gland • The main function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly basic fluid that constitutes up to one-third the volume of semen. The human prostate is slightly larger than a walnut.

21. Rectum • The rectum is the final straight portion of the large intestine.

22. Seminal Vesicles • The Seminal Vesicles are pair of simple tubular glands posterinferior to the urinary bladder of males. They secrete a significant portion of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen.