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Newton’s Laws

Explore Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion and theory of gravitation, including inertia, force, and action and reaction forces. Learn how forces can change an object's motion and the principles behind Newton's reflecting telescope and calculus.

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Newton’s Laws

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  1. Newton’s Laws

  2. Sir Isaac Newton • Calculus • Light is composed of rainbow colors • Reflecting Telescope • Laws of Motion • Theory of Gravitation

  3. Forceis an action that can change motion. A force is what we call a push or a pull, or any action that has the ability to change an object’s motion. Forces can be used to increase the speed of an object, decrease the speed of an object, or change the direction in which an object is moving. Force

  4. A force of one newton is exactly the amount of force needed to cause a mass of one kilogram to accelerate at one m/s2. We call the unit of force the newton (N). A force of one pound is equal to about 4.448 newtons. Force

  5. Balanced & Unbalanced Forces

  6. Newton’s First Law Law of Inertia An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

  7. Newton’s First Law • Unless acted upon by an unbalanced force, this golf ball would sit on the tee forever.

  8. Newton’s First Law If objects in motion tend to stay in motion, why don’t moving objects keep moving forever? Things don’t keep moving forever because there’s almost always an unbalanced force acting upon them. A book sliding across a table slows down and stops because of the force of friction. If you throw a ball upwards it will eventually slow down and fall because of the force of gravity.

  9. Inertia Inertiais a term used to measure the ability of an object to resist a change in its state of motion. An object with a lot of inertia takes a lot of force to start or stop; an object with a small amount of inertia requires a small amount of force to start or stop. The word “inertia” comes from the Latin word inertus, which can be translated to mean “lazy.” Newton’s First Law

  10. Newton’s First Law • MASS is the measure of the amount of matter in an object. • It is measured in Kilograms

  11. Demos: Car starting and stopping The table cloth trick (kind of) Newton’s First Law

  12. Newton’s First Law Newton’s First Law Video http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/forces-and-motion/inertia.htm

  13. Newton’s Second Law Force equals mass times acceleration. F = ma

  14. Newton’s Second Law Direction of acceleration • Speed increases when the net force is in the same direction as the motion. • Speed decreases when the net force is in the opposite direction as the motion.

  15. Three forms of the second law: Newton’s Second Law F m a

  16. Practice: 1. A force of 20 N acts upon a 5 kg block. Calculate the acceleration of the object. 2. An object of mass 300 kg is observed to accelerate at the rate of 4 m/s2. Calculate the force required to produce this acceleration. Newton’s Second Law 4 m/s2 F m a 1200 N

  17. Newton’s Second Law Newton’s Second Law Video http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/forces-and-motion/acceleration.htm

  18. Newton’s Third Law For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

  19. Forces occur in pairs The two forces in a pair are called action and reaction. Anytime you have one, you also have the other. If you know the strength of one you also know the strength of the other since both forces are always equal. Newton’s Third Law

  20. Newton’s third law states that for every action force there has to be a reaction force that is equal in strength and opposite in direction. Action and reaction forces act on different objects, not on the same object. The forces cannot cancel because they act on different objects. Newton’s Third Law

  21. Newton’s Third Law Demos: Bumper cars Newton’s Cradle Spring scales

  22. Newton’s Third Law Newton’s Third Law Video http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/forces-and-motion/action-and-reaction.htm

  23. Recap First Law: Inertia Second Law: F = ma Third Law: Action and Reaction

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