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NICA Project: Development and Status Report

This video-conference presents the concept and current status of the Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility (NICA) project, including the NICA scheme and layout, heavy ions in NICA, polarized particle beams, and the technical design report.

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NICA Project: Development and Status Report

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  1. Machine Advisory Committee Video-Conference Concept and Status of The NICAProject Nuclotron-based IonColliderfAcility I.Meshkov forNICA Group JINR, Dubna May 20, 2009

  2. Contents Introduction: Development of the NICA Concept and Technical Design Report 1. NICA scheme & layout 2. Heavy ions in NICA 2.1. Injector, Booster, Nuclotron 2.2. Collider 3. Polarized particle beams inNICA 4. NICA TDR status and nearest plans, problems to be solved Conclusion I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009

  3. Introduction: Development of the NICA Concept and TDR January 2008 January 2009 Conceptual Design Report of Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) (Short version) I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009 May 2009: NICA TDR & MPD CDR will be completed

  4. Introduction: Development of the NICA Concept and Technical Design Report (Contnd) The Project goals formulated in CDR remain: 1a) Heavy ion colliding beams 197Au79+ x 197Au79+ at sNN = 4  11 GeV (1  4.5 GeV/u ion kinetic energy ) and Laverage= 11027 cm-2s-1 (at sNN = 9 GeV/u) 1b) Light-Heavy ion colliding beams 2) Polarized beams of protons and deuterons: pp sNN = 12  25 GeV (5  12.6 GeV kinetic energy ) dd sNN = 4  13.8 GeV (2  5.9 GeV/u ion kinetic energy ) I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009

  5. 1. NICA scheme & layout 2.3 m 4.0 m Booster Spin Physics Detector (SPD) Synchrophasotron yoke Nuclotron Existing beam lines (solid target exp-s) MPD I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009 Collider C = 251 m

  6. 1. NICA scheme & layout (Contnd) “Old” Linac LU-20 Booster KRION + “New” HILAC Nuclotron Collider MPD SPD Beam dump I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009

  7. 2. Heavy ions in NICA What is new? 2.1. Injector, Booster, Nuclotron The injection chain remains the same : Injector  Booster  Nuclotron But! Uranium ions 238U32+ to be generated with KRION source have been replaced by Gold ions 197Au32+. This step allows us I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009 1) to avoid a big problem of “chemistry kitchen” with radioactive Uranium oxides at ion sourсe, etc.; 2) to increase ion energy accelerated in the Booster up to 608 MeV/u…

  8. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) What is new? 2.1. Injector, Booster, Nuclotron …this step allows us What is new: 5) the bunch compression: RF voltage jump for the bunch “overturn” in phase space in Nuclotron will be replaced by RF phase jump. I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009 3) …that increases ion stripping efficiency (after extraction from the Booster and before injection into Nuclotron) up to 80% or more; 4) and allows us to diminish the number of injection pulses into the Booster to ONE PER CYCLE (2-3 pulses injection regime will be reserved “for safety”);

  9. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) What is new? 2.1. Injector, Booster, Nuclotron Nuclotron (45 Tm) injection of one bunch of 1.1×109 ions, acceleration up to 14.5 GeV/u max. IP-1 Two superconducting collider rings IP-2 Bunch compression (RF phase jump) I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009 Injector: 2×109 ions/pulse of 197Au32+ at energy of 6.2 MeV/u Booster (25 Tm) 1(2-3) single-turn injection, storage of 2 (4-6)×109, acceleration up to 100 MeV/u, electron cooling, acceleration up to 608 MeV/u Collider (45 Tm) Storage of 17 (20) bunches  1109 ions per ring at 14.5 GeV/u, electron and/or stochastic cooling Stripping (80%) 197Au32+  197Au79+ 2х17 (20) injection cycles

  10. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 2.1. Injector, Booster, Nuclotron Bunch parameters dynamics in the injection chain I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009

  11. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 2.1. Injector, Booster, Nuclotron Bunch compression in Nuclotron Phase space portraits of the bunch Bunch rotation by “RF amplitude jump” 15  120 kV E – E0 , 2 GeV/div 2 1 , 10 deg./div I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009

  12. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 2.1. Injector, Booster, Nuclotron Bunch compression in Nuclotron Phase space portraits of the bunch (RF “phase jump”  = 1800) E – E0 , 2 GeV/div , 50 deg./div _r.m.s. 5 deg./div. (1 deg.  0.7 m) E_r.m.c. 200 MeV/div. _r.m.s. 0.5 eVsec/div time, 0.1 sec/div. I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009

  13. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 34 injection cycles to Collider rings of 1109 ions 197Au79+ per cycle 1.71010 ions/ring 2.1. Injector, Booster, Nuclotron Time Table of The Storage Process Booster magnetic field Extraction, stripping to 197Au79+ electron cooling Arbitrary units 1 (2-3) injection cycles, electron cooling (?) 0 0.5 1.5 3 4 t, [s] Nuclotron magnetic field bunch compression, extraction Arbitrary units 0 0.5 1.5 3 4 5 6 7 t, [s] injection I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009

  14. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) What is new? 2.2. Collider • The previous scheme: • bunch by bunch injection, 17 bunches, • bunch number is limited by kicker pulse duration, • bunch compression in Nuclotron is required (!) • Electron and/or stochastic cooling for luminosity preservation. • The new scheme: • Injection and storage with barrier bucket technique and coolingof a coasting (!) beam, 20 bunches, • bunch number is limited by interbunch space in IP straight section, • bunch compression in Nuclotron is NOT required (!) • Electron and/or stochastic cooling for storage and luminosity preservation, bunch formation after storage are required. I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009

  15. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) What is new? 2.2. Collider A decrease of intrabunch space with “barrier bucket” (BB) method: Periodic voltage pulses applied to a low quality cavity when stochastic or electron cooling is ON. (p)ion V(t) Cavity voltage Stack Injection time Cooling’ is ON Revolution period I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009 The method was tested experimentally at ESR (GSI) with electron cooling (2008). NICA: Trevolution = 0.85  0.96 s, VBB  10 kV

  16. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 2.2. Collider General Parameters I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009

  17. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 2.2. Collider General parameters (Contnd) I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009

  18. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 2.2. Collider General parameters (Contnd) Resonance diagram Working point 5.26 / 5.17 I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009

  19. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 2.2. Collider General parameters (Contnd) Collider beam parameters and luminosity I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009

  20. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 2.2. Collider BETACOOL Alexander Smirnov IBS Heating and cooling –bunch density evolution at electron cooling Under cooling, equilibrium with IBS Before cooling Nongaussian distribution Gaussian distribution dN/dx, arb. units dN/dx, arb. units I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009

  21. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 2.2. Collider IBS Heating and cooling –luminosity evolution at electron cooling B [kG] 8 6 4 2 6 Luminosity [1E27 cm-2∙s-1] 4 2 0 BETACOOL simulation Te = 10 eV Parameters ion beam: 197Au79+ at 3.5 GeV/u, initial =0.5 ∙mm∙mrad, (p/p) = 1∙10-3 electron beam: Ie = 0.5 A, re = 2 mm, Te|| = 5 meV;  = 0.024 (6 m/250 m) I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009 Conclusion: Electron magnetization is much more preferable

  22. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 2.2. Collider IBS Heating and cooling –luminosity evolution at electron cooling 4 Luminosity [1E27 cm-2∙s-1] 2 0 BETACOOL simulation B = 3 kG Te = 10 eV Parameters (as on previous slide): ion beam: 197Au79+ at 3.5 GeV/u, initial =0.5 ∙mm∙mrad, (p/p) = 1∙10-3 electron beam: Ie = 0.5 A, re = 2 mm, Te|| = 5 meV;  = 0.024 (6 m/250 m) I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009

  23. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 2.2. Collider: electron cloud effect Electron cloud formation criteria The necessary condition: The sufficient condition (“multipactor effect”): Here c is ion velocity, Z – ion charge number, b = 5 cm – vacuum chamber radius, re – electron classic radius, lspace – distance between bunches, me– electron mass, c – the speed of light, crit ~ 0.5 keV – electron energy sufficient for secondary electron generation. For NICA parameters (197Au79+ ions) (Nbunch)necessary ~ 7108, (Nbunch)sufficient~ 4109. I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009

  24. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) What is “old” and what is new? 2.2. Collider: vacuum and electron clouds Electron cloud effect simulation with ECLOUD code[1] had shown the following: 1) e-clouds formation in straight section is negligible if b 5 cm, 2) dangerous part of the ring is vacuum chambers of dipoles (transverse magnetic field!); here secondary emission coefficient should be suppressed up to   1.3 [1] G. Rumolo, F. Zimmermann. CERN–SL–Note–2002–016 (AP) I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009 We began a common work with “Powder Metallurgy” Corporation (Minsk, Belorussia) on development of TiN coating technology for reduction of secondary emission from stainless steel vacuum chamber walls.

  25. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 2.2. Collider: the problems to be solved • Collider SC dipoles with max. B up to 4 T, • Lattice and working point “flexibility”, • RF parameters (related problem), • Single bunch stability, • Vacuum chamber impedance and multibunch stability, • Stochastic cooling of ion bunched beam, • Electron cooling at electron energy up to 2.5 MeV 3 m 6 m I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009 • Collaboration with • All-Russian Institute for • Electrotechnique (Moscow) • FZ Juelich • Budker INP

  26. 3. Polarized particle beams inNICA Spin rotator: “Full Siberian snake” Longitudinal polarization formation B B I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009 MPD Upper ring SPD

  27. 3. Polarized particle beams inNICA (Contnd) Longitudinal polarization formation “Full Siberian snake” B SPD SPD I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009 MPD A problem: ring lattice in the strong solenoid field presence Lower ring “Siberian snake”: Protons, 1  E  12 GeV  (BL)solenoid 50 T∙m Deuterons, 1  E  5 GeV/u  (BL)solenoid  140 T∙m

  28. 3. Polarized particle beams inNICA (Contnd) Polarized particle beams  injection S From Nuclotron B ~ 900 Spin rotator I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009 Protons, 1  E  12 GeV  (BL)dipole 3 T∙m Deuterons, 1  E  5 GeV/u  (BL)dipole  5.8 T∙m

  29. 3. Polarized particle beams inNICA (Contnd) Polarized proton beams parameters I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009

  30. For conclusion:NICA status and plans 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 KRION LINAC + trans. channel Booster: magnetic system Booster + trans. channel Nuclotron-M Nuclotron-NICA Transfer channel to Collider Collider Thank you for your attention Diagnostics PS systems Control systems Infrastructure R & D design Manufctrng + mounting mountg+commssiong comms/operatn operation I.Meshkov, NICA Status MAC Video-Conference JINR, May 20, 2009

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