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IceRay: IceCube-Centered Radio Array for GZK Detection

IceRay is a radio array designed to extend the IceCube neutrino detector to the extremely high-energy range. With a focus on GZK detection, it aims to achieve an angular resolution of O(1º) and enable calorimetry of both showers and outgoing leptons. This low-cost project will initially cover 50 km2 and eventually expand to 300-1000 km2. Collaboration includes researchers from Hawaii, Kansas, Wisconsin, Ohio State, Maryland, Delaware, Penn State, MIT, Taiwan, and UCL.

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IceRay: IceCube-Centered Radio Array for GZK Detection

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  1. IceRay:an IceCube-Centered Radio GZK Array John Kelley for Bob Morse and the IceRay collaboration April 30, 2008

  2. Goals • Extend IceCube into the EeV range via a radio array • 50 km2 (initial phase) to 300-1000 km2 (final target) • substantial rates of GZK  / year • O(1º) angular resolution • Subset of events which trigger both radio and optical arrays • Allows calorimetry of both shower and outgoing lepton • Low cost (<$10M)

  3. The IceRay Collaboration Hawai’i: B. Morse, P. Allison, M. DuVernois, P. Gorham, J. Learned, and G. Varner Kansas: D. Besson Wisconsin: A. Karle, F. Halzen, and H. Landsman Ohio State: J. Beatty Maryland: K. Hoffman Delaware: D. Seckel Penn State: D. Cowen and D. Williams MIT: I. Kravchenko Taiwan: P. Chen UCL: R. Nichol and A. Connolly

  4. 50 km2 Baseline Studies(the “AMANDA” of radio) Higher density, shallow (50m) vs. sparse, deep (200m)

  5. Frequency Range • Ice is better at low frequency (< 500 MHz) • Solid angle also better at low freq. • SNR goes as sqrt(bandwidth) • Go low freq., high bandwidth: 60-300 MHz

  6. Depth • Firn shadowing: shallow rays can’t get to surface • Means deeper is better for Veff (up to ~200m) • Cost is the real issue • Deep firn drill?

  7. Simulation Results IceRay-36 / shallow IceRay-18 / deep Mostly via SalSA MC; crosschecked with Bartol, RICE MC, and ARIANNA MC

  8. Acceptance and Event Rates Initial phase achieves 3-9 ev/year for “standard” fluxes Final phase: ~100 ev/year

  9. “Golden” Hybrid Events IceRay-36 / shallow • Triggering both IceRay and IceCube: rates are low, but extremely valuable for calibration • High-energy extension (IceCube+ above) with 1.5km ring helps a lot • Sub-threshold cross-triggering can also help

  10. Proposed Schedule • 2008-09: IceRay-0 • surface testbed… see next talk! • 2009-10: Two surface substations, 50-80m with existing or slightly modified firn drill • 2010-2011+: Start installation of initial-phase array as IceCube ramps down

  11. Extra Slides

  12. Simulation Details • Throw events over 6 km radius disk, 300m to 2500m depth • 60-300 MHz bandwidth for each antenna, low gain (dipole-like response) • 12 antennas (6 Hpol, 6 Vpol) per station • > 4s on 5 antennas required to trigger (to ensure near 100% reconstruction efficiency), use Tsys ~ 360K (230K ice +130K receiver) • Exclude shallow zenith angles due to firn refraction shadowing

  13. Ray Tracing 50m 200m

  14. Ray Tracing, cont. 400m 1km

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