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Where Do We Go From Here? The Next Decade for Digital Libraries

Where Do We Go From Here? The Next Decade for Digital Libraries. Adam Worrall LIS 6269 Seminar in Information Science 4/13/10. (Lynch, 2005). Overview. Origins Recent history Present applications Future research directions Critique and relevance. About the author. Clifford Lynch

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Where Do We Go From Here? The Next Decade for Digital Libraries

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  1. Where Do We Go From Here?The Next Decade for Digital Libraries Adam Worrall LIS 6269 Seminar in Information Science 4/13/10 (Lynch, 2005)

  2. Overview • Origins • Recent history • Present applications • Future research directions • Critique and relevance

  3. About the author • Clifford Lynch • Director of the Coalition for Networked Information (CNI; cni.org) • “use of information technology and networked information to enhance scholarship and intellectual productivity” • 18 years in University of California system • Ten years as Director of Library Automation • PhD in Computer Science from UC-Berkeley • Past president of ASIST (1996) • Interests • Digital libraries • Information policy • Information access • Emerging interoperability standards

  4. Origins • Draws from broad array of disciplines • Social science • Computer science • Information technology • Law • Library and information science

  5. Origins • Pre-history • Paul Otlet • documentation, 1895-1937(Rayward, 1997) • H. G. Wells • World Brain, 1938(Rayward,1999) • Vannevar Bush • “As We May Think,” 1945 • J. C. R. Licklider • Libraries of the Future, 1965 • Early ideas for ARPAnet (became the Internet) Otlet Wells Bush Licklider

  6. Origins • Early history • Online information services • Dialog, Lexis-Nexis, Chemical Abstracts, etc. • Library automation • Document structuring and manipulation • Human-computer interface / interaction • Distributed search (Z39.50) • Kahn and Cerf • The Digital Library Project Volume 1: The World of Knowbots: An Open Architecture for a Digital Library System and a Plan for Its Development (1988)

  7. Recent history • 1994-2004 • Internet, Web enter public consciousness • “Substantial programmatic funding” (¶ 5) • Digital Libraries Initiative (DLI) and DLI-2 • For constructing prototype digital library systems • “Legitimized digital libraries as a field of research” (¶ 5) • Helped form digital library research community • Different backgrounds • Same conferences, journals NSF DARPA, NASA, NLM, NIH, LoC, IMLS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries(ACM / IEEE) D-Lib Magazine

  8. Present • 2005 • “Substantial programmatic US government funding … is at an end” (¶ 9) • Novelty of constructing prototypes “has run its course” (¶ 9) • “Modest investments” keep community together “at least for now” (¶ 9) • Where to next? • Apply current research • New research directions

  9. Present: Applications • Real-world digital libraries • Production systems, not prototypes • Commercial sector • “Advanced technology deployment in production systems rather than pure research” (¶ 11) • Applications in • Higher education • Cultural memory • Digital asset management • Institutional repositories • Collaboratories / e-science • Data curation

  10. Present to future • Digital preservation (¶ 14) • Lynch felt would “attract increasing commercial interest” and “growing unease and concern from the general public” • “Compelling” research difficult • Requires funding, but total useful funding “probably isn’t terribly large” • “Stewardship … in the digital age” (¶ 15) • Policy, ethics, culture • “At best adjacent,” but important (¶ 15)

  11. Future: Research directions • “Compelling” and deserving of “investment [funding] and attention” (¶ 16) • Personal information management (¶ 17) • “Digital representations” of our lives • Organize, manage, share, preserve • Personal (digital) health records • Electronic portfolios (education) • E-mail and other communications • Personal digital media collections

  12. Future: Research directions • Relationship over time “between humans and information collections and systems” (¶ 18) • Systems that learn • Personalization • Human-computer interaction (HCI) • Information behavior • “Seek, discover, use and share information” • Individuals and groups • “Very long time horizon perspective”

  13. Future: Research directions • “Role of digital libraries … in supporting teaching, learning, and human development” (¶ 19) • Life-long learning • Long time horizons • “Environments for computer supported collaborative work” (CSCW) (¶ 20) • Collaboratories • Relationship with digital libraries • “Collaboration and social interactions” • Some find “an uncomfortable fit with the rather passive tradition of libraries”

  14. Future: Overarching theme (¶ 21) • “Connecting and integrating digital libraries with broader individual, group, and societal activities” • “Across meaningful time horizons” • “Recognize digital libraries … as an integral and permanent part of the evolving information environment” • Transition from “technologies and prototypes” to “ubiquitous, immersive, … pervasive”

  15. Critique • “Think piece” • Arguments not often directly supported by empirical evidence • Theme, points generally coherent and persuasive • Assumed audience (readers of D-Lib Magazine) knew research tradition • Focus often on systems development and information retrieval • Especially in 1990s • Did not assume they had knowledge of • pre-history of field (pre-1994) • how funding shaped community

  16. Critique • Slight biases • Against traditional librarianship • “Some would argue that digital libraries have very little to do with libraries as institutions or the practice of librarianship” (¶ 1) • Questions of intellectual property “too important to be left to librarians” (¶ 1) • Towards HCI, CS, IT perspective • Background helps explains biases • Balanced by wide range of future research directions

  17. Relevance and importance • Lynch not only scholar to argue for integrating digital libraries into individual, group, societal context • Ackerman (1994) • Levy and Marshall (1995) • Van House (2003) • Gazan(2008) • Social approach to information science becoming common (Raber, 2003) • A “sea change” for digital library field, but a necessary one

  18. References • Ackerman, M. S. (1994). Providing social interaction in the digital library. In J. L. Shnase, J. L. Leggett, R. K. Furuta, & T. Metcalfe (Eds.), Digital Libraries ’94: Proceedings of the first annual conference on the theory and practice of digital libraries (pp. 198-200). College Station, TX: Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/users/goguen/courses/171sp02/ack2.pdf • American Society for Information Science and Technology. (2010). About ASIS&T: Past presidents of the Society. Retrieved from http://www.asis.org/pastpresidents.html • Bush, V. (1945). As we may think. The Atlantic Monthly, 176(1), 101-108.   • Clifford Lynch. (2009). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford_Lynch • Coalition for Networked Information. (2010). Clifford A. Lynch, CNI’s Executive Director. Retrieved from http://www.cni.org/staff/clifford_index.html • Gazan, R. (2008). Social annotations in digital library collections. D-Lib Magazine, 14(11/12). doi:10.1045/november2008-gazan   • Levy, D. M., & Marshall, C. C. (1995). Going digital: A look at assumptions underlying digital libraries. Communications of the ACM, 38(4), 77-84. doi:10.1145/205323.205346  

  19. References • Lynch, C. (2005). Where do we go from here? The next decade for digital libraries. D-Lib Magazine, 11(7/8). doi:10.1045/july2005-lynch   • Lynch, C. (n.d.) Clifford Lynch. Retrieved from http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~clifford/ • Raber, D. (2003). The problem of information: An introduction to information science. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.   • Rayward, W. B. (1997). The origins of information science and the International Institute of Bibliography / International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID). Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 48, 289-300. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199704)48:4<289::AID-ASI2>3.0.CO;2-S • Rayward, W. B. (1999). H. G. Wells’s idea of a World Brain: A critical reassessment. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50, 557-573. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:7<557::AID-ASI2>3.0.CO;2-M • School of Information, University of California, Berkeley. (2010). Clifford Lynch. Retrieved from http://www.ischool.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/cliffordlynch • Van House, N. A. (2003). Digital libraries and collaborative knowledge construction. In A. P. Bishop, N. A. Van House, & B. P. Buttenfield (Eds.), Digital library use: Social practice in design and evaluation (pp. 271-295). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.  

  20. Questions, comments?

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