1 / 29

History of the GUI

History of the GUI. The Early Days. The concept of a window system first introduced by SAGE project and Sutherland’s Sketchpad. SAGE Project. SAGE stands for Semi-Automatic Ground Environment Used by NORAD from the late 50s to 80s Tracked and intercepted enemy bombers

deana
Download Presentation

History of the GUI

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. History of the GUI

  2. The Early Days

  3. The concept of a window system first introduced by SAGE project and Sutherland’s Sketchpad

  4. SAGE Project • SAGE stands for Semi-Automatic Ground Environment • Used by NORAD from the late 50s to 80s • Tracked and intercepted enemy bombers • The computers that ran it were immense

  5. 55,000 vacuum tubes • 1/2-acre of floor space • 275 tons • and each SAGE site • had two of them

  6. Sketchpad • Developed in 1963 for Ivan Sutherland’s doctoral dissertation • Ancestor to modern CAD systems • First app with a graphical user interface • Used light pen to control onscreen elements

  7. oN-Line System (NLS) • Englebart was influenced by the Sketchpad project • NLS was the first use of a computer mouse

  8. Xerox PARC • PARC - Palo Alto Research Center • Under Merzouga Wilberts, codified the WIMP paradigm • WIMP - Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointers • Resulted in the Xerox Alto experimental computer, later released as Xerox Star

  9. GUIs Go Mainstream

  10. Lisa • Developed by Apple in the late 70s and early 80s • Not commercially successful • The graphics taxed the system’s 5MHz processor, so it felt very sluggish • More advanced system than Macintosh at the time

  11. Macintosh • Developed alongside Lisa at Apple in the late 70s and early 80s. • Released in 1984 • First commercially successful product with a GUI • Continued to expand on WIMP ideas • Apple Human Interface Guidelines (HIG)

  12. The HIG • Huge, detailed document • Described how applications on Macintosh platform should behave • Very important because Mac was the first commercially viable GUI • Apple wanted to ensure developers “got it”

  13. Macintosh (cont.) • Drop down menus • Trash can to delete files • Files looked like paper documents • Directories looked like file folders • Extensively modeled on work at PARC, but extended the work at PARC considerably

  14. Apple IIGS • Released in 1986 • First Apple II to feature a GUI • GS/OS modeled on Macintosh OS • Included color, not to appear on a Mac until the Mac II a year later

  15. GEM • Circa 1985 • GUI that sat over the top of MS-DOS, Dr. DOS, CP/M, etc. • Sued by Apple over the similarities to Macintosh • Default UI on the Atari ST computer

  16. GEM on an Atari ST

  17. Commodore Amiga • Launched by Commodore in 1985 • Desktop environment called “Workbench” • Featured some very advanced graphic capabilities • Adopted extensively by video editors because of Video Toaster

  18. Amiga OS

  19. MS-DOS-based GUIs • Though there was no GUI in MS-DOS there were a number of applications with GUIs • Most well-known example is Deluxe Paint

  20. Deluxe Paint

  21. Microsoft Windows • First two versions of Windows were not commercially successful • Windows 3.0 took off • Windows 3.0 was based on Common User Access • CUA gave Windows consistency

  22. Common User Access • Developed by IBM • Strict rules about how apps should look and behave • Developed in response to chaotic UIs on IBM platform • Modeled around Apple Human Interface Guidelines

  23. Prior to CUA... • Opening a file: • Wordperfect: F7 then 3 • Lotus 1-2-3: / then W then R • MS Word: Esc then T then L • Wordstar: Ctrl+K+O • emacs: Ctrl+X then Ctrl+F

  24. GEOS • Originally ran on Commodore 64 hardware • Ported to Apple II and IBM PC • 8-bit in a 16-bit world • Never really took off • Included gadgets and a word processor

  25. X Window System • Referred to as X11 in most circles • Standard GUI system on Unix platform • Developed to be client-server • Allows you to run graphical applications on other machines over the network • Still in use today

  26. Windows 95/NT4 • 32-bit, can address up to 4GB of memory • Better multitasking • New “Cairo” user interface • Very successful • Followed up with Windows 98, ME, 2000, XP and now Vista

  27. Mac OS X • New GUI called Aqua • Better multitasking • Based on NeXT OS OpenStep • Raised the bar on graphical embellishment of the interface • Included a true CLI

  28. Rest of Class • Continue working on your Term Paper subjects • I’ll meet with each of you individually to talk about them and finalize the subject

More Related