Warm Up

1. Warm Up Why would investigators still perform blood typing procedures in addition to DNA comparison and fingerprinting?

2. Objective: • SWBAT • Identify areas of improvement prior to tomorrow’s blood test • Agenda: • Pass back papers • Blood Review Packet • Closing • Homework: • Blood Test Tomorrow

3. Blood Review Packet Working together, complete your blood review packet

4. Closing Identify at least one area that you need more clarification on before tomorrow’s test.

5. Warm Up Write a creative short story explaining how blood clots. Imagine you are the broken blood vessel. Be sure to create names for each character (EX: Paul the Platelet) Pass your case studies packet to the aisle for collection

6. Objective: • SWBAT • Score >80% on their blood test • Agenda: • Pass Back Papers • Cell Phone Pouches • Blood Test • Closing • Homework: • None!

7. Blood Test Put everything away except for a writing utensil If you have a question during your test, please raise your hand and I will come to you When you are done, hold on to your test; all tests will be collected at the end Good luck!

8. Closing How do you think you did on your test? Why do you think you performed this way? Consider how you participate in class and how you study.

9. Warm Up Once blood becomes oxygenated in the lungs, where does it go?

10. Objective: • SWBAT • Explain how deoxygenated and oxygenated blood moves through the 4 chambers of the heart • Agenda: • Pass back papers • Guided Notes: Anatomy of the Heart • Heart Contraction Animation • The Heart Cycle Activity • Closing • Homework: • None!

11. Guided Notes: Anatomy of the Heart Size, Location, Orientation • Size of a fist, weighing less than a pound • Located between two lungs between 2nd and 5th ribs • Cone-shaped with its apex pointing toward your left hip Coverings of the Heart • Pericardium—encloses heart • Fibrous pericardium—serves as a superficial anchor of the heart • Serous pericardium—sac of lubricating fluid deep to the fibrous pericardium

12. Guided Notes: Anatomy of the Heart • Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart, while veins carry blood TOWARD the heart • Pulmonary vs. systemic circulation—lungs vs. rest of body

14. Guided Notes: Anatomy of the Heart Heart Valves—prevent backflow of blood during contraction • AV (atrioventricular) valves—open during relaxation, closed during contraction • Bicuspid or mitral valve—left AV valve • Two flaps or cusps, looks like a mitre (pope’s headdress) • Tricuspid valve—right AV valve • Three flaps or cusps • Flaps do not push backwards into atria due to chordaetendineae attached to inferior portion of ventricles • Semilunar valves—closed during relaxation, open during contraction • Pulmonary valve and Aortic valve • Both made up of 3 leaflets, forced open by pressure of blood, forced closed by blood pooling in leaflets

16. Guided Notes: Anatomy of the Heart Cardiac Circulation • Blood that energizes heart muscle is different than the blood it pumps • Comes from coronary arteries, drains to cardiac veins into right atrium

17. Heart Contraction Animation http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hhw/contraction.html

18. Warm Up How do deoxygenated and oxygenated blood move through the 4 chambers of the heart? Use appropriate terms.

19. Objective: • SWBAT • Determine how cardiac output and stroke volume change depending on physical activity • Agenda: • Guided Notes: Physiology of the Heart • Heart Animation • Cardiac Cycle Lab • Closing • Homework: • Finish Lab Questions

20. Guided Notes: Physiology of the Heart • Fun facts: • 6L of blood passes through heart 1,000x/day! • Cardiac muscle will contract even when all nerve connections are severed! • (Only until lack of O2 and ATP)

21. Intrinsic Conduction System of the Heart: Setting the Basic Rhythm • SA (sinoatrial) node • Located in right atrium • Depolarizes cells, causing contraction of the left and right atria • Keeps heart beating ~75bpm • Also known as the pacemaker! • AV (atrioventricular) node • Located between the right atrium and ventricle • Depolarizes cells to send contraction signal to Bundle of His • Bundle of His • Located in wall separating left and right ventricles • Depolarizes cells to send contraction signal to Purkinje fibers • Purkinje fibers • Located in walls surrounding left and right ventricles • Depolarizes cells, causing contraction of the left and right ventricles

22. Guided Notes: Physiology of the Heart • Other Factors that Can Change Heart Rate • Autonomic nervous system (fight or flight vs. rest and digest) • Hormones (Epinephrine/Norepinephrine) • Physical factors (age, gender, exercise, body temperature)

23. Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds • Cardiac cycle—the events of one complete heartbeat (both atria and ventricles contract and relax) • About 0.8 seconds • Systole—contraction of the ventricles • Diastole—relaxation of the ventricles • Heart Sounds • Lub—AV valves close (long and loud) • Dub—Semilunar valves close (short and sharp) • Cardiac Output • Cardiac Output (CO)—the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle in 1 minute • Stroke Volume (SV)—the volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat • Heart Rate (HR)—number of heartbeats per minute • CO=HR x SV

24. Heart Animation https://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter22/animation__conducting_system_of_the_heart.html

25. Cardiac Cycle Lab! Pick a partner of your choice, follow the directions on your lab to determine how cardiac output and stroke volume change with exercise

26. Warm Up How does stroke volume change with exercise? Pass your cardiac cycle lab to the aisle for collection

27. Objective: • SWBAT • Identify sheep heart anatomy • Agenda: • Sheep Heart Dissection • Closing • Homework: • Finish Heart Dissection Questions

28. Sheep Heart Dissection Please send one person from each lab station to retrieve a sheep heart Then, follow your directions to explore sheep heart anatomy!

29. Warm Up Which chamber of the sheep heart was the largest? Why is this? Which heart structures have we learned about that we were unable to visualize during our dissection yesterday. You should be able to come up with at least 5 terms.

30. Objective: • SWBAT • Brainstorm and explain the differences in arteries, veins, and capillaries • Brainstorm and explain how blood returns to the heart against gravity • Brainstorm how fetal circulation must differ from adult circulation to create a fetal heart diagram • Agenda: • Brainstorming: Blood Vessels • Blood Vessels Discussion • Blood Vessel Notes • Closing • Homework: • Fetal Heart Drawing and Blood Vessel Questions

31. Brainstorming: Blood Vessels In your small groups, brainstorm the answers to the questions given. Although I do not expect you to know the answers, I expect you to get close to the answers using prior knowledge and reasoning.

32. Notes: Blood Vessels • Fun fact: The vascular system was not discovered until 1616 by William Harvey, an English physician • Arteries (larger) and arterioles (smaller)—move blood AWAY from heart • Thicker walls than veins • Capillary Beds—place where gas and nutrient exchange take place • Smallest diameter of all blood vessels • Thinnest walls • Venules (smaller) and veins (larger)—move blood TOWARD the heart • Thinner walls than arteries

33. Notes: Blood Vessels • Mechanisms to Counteract Low Blood Pressure in Veins • Veins contain valves to prevent backflow • Skeletal muscle squeezes veins, “milking” blood back to the heart • Inhalation causes diaphragm to move down, creating low pressure

34. Notes: Blood Vessels Special Circulations • Brain • Supplied by carotid and vertebral arteries • The Circle of Willis—circle of blood vessels • Allows multiple routes for blood to travel

35. Notes: Blood Vessels • Fetus • Respiratory and digestive systems are not yet developed • Receives oxygen and other nutrients (and excretes carbon dioxide and wastes) from mother’s blood through umbilical cord and placenta • Special structures: • Ductusvenosus—bypasses blood past liver, back to the heart through inferior vena cava • Foramen ovale—shunt between right atrium and left atrium • Ductusarteriosis—shunt between pulmonary artery and aorta

36. Notes: Blood Vessels • Liver • All blood from the digestive organs, spleen, and pancreas passes through liver before returning to the heart • Nutrients and wastes from food are absorbed into capillaries • This blood is sent to the liver through the hepatic portal vein • Nutrients and wastes in blood are absorbed into the liver • Blood moves back to the heart

37. Fetal Circulation Animation http://www.muschealth.com/video/Default.aspx?videoId=10019&cId=34&type=rel

38. Fetal Circulation Drawing Using the rest of class, work individually to alter the printed lines of the adult heart given to you to reflect the fetal heart Then, use blue and red colored pencils to color the parts of the fetal heart that receive deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood

41. Warm Up How and why does the fetal heart differ from the adult heart? Pass your homework to the aisle for collection

42. Objective: • SWBAT • Locate and measure their own pulse from their temporal, facial, carotid, brachial, radial, popiteal, posterior tibial, and dorsalispedis arteries. • Measure the blood pressure of three other students using the brachial artery. • Agenda: • Notes: Blood Pressure • Blood Pressure Lab • Closing • Homework: • Finish your Blood Pressure Lab Questions

43. Notes: Blood Pressure • Vital signs—various statistics physicians use to determine health • Pulse • Blood pressure • Respiratory rate • Body temperature

44. Notes: Blood Pressure • Pulse • Expansion and recoil of arteries with each beat of blood from the left ventricle • Same as heart rate • Can be taken at multiple arteries: • Temporal, facial, carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popiteal, posterior tibial, doralispedis • Don’t use thumb because has own pulse • Also known as pressure points—compressed during injury to stop blood loss

45. Notes: Blood Pressure • Pressure that blood exerts against the inner walls of blood vessels to keep blood circulating • Blood flows from high pressure (in the aorta and arteries) to low pressure (in the veins and vena cava) • However, BP in the aorta and arteries change with each beat • Systolic pressure—high pressure in arteries at systole (ventricular contraction) • Diastolic pressure—low pressure in arteries at diastole (ventricular relaxation) • Systolic is recorded over diastolic in mm Hg (millimeters mercury) • EX: Average BP is 120/80 mm Hg, but varies widely

46. Notes: Blood Pressure • How to Take BP • Wrap the blood pressure cuff snuggly around the patient’s arm just above their elbow • Slip your stethoscope onto their brachial artery, identifying the patient’s pulse • Inflate the cuff until you no longer hear their pulse • Slowly reduce pressure in the cuff until their pulse is heard; record this as their systolic pressure • Continue to slowly reduce pressure in the cuff until you no longer hear their pulse; record this as their diastolic pressure

47. Blood Pressure Lab Working with a partner, you will practice measuring your pulse at various arteries as well as measuring blood pressure

48. Closing How did your pulse measurements compare at different locations? How did your partners’ blood pressure measurements compare to one another?

49. Warm Up How do you take blood pressure?

50. Objective: • SWBAT • Locate and measure their own pulse from their temporal, facial, carotid, brachial, radial, popiteal, posterior tibial, and dorsalispedis arteries. • Measure the blood pressure of three other students using the brachial artery. • Brainstorm possible factors that affect blood pressure and discuss how this could be tested • Agenda: • Finish Blood Pressure Lab • Brainstorm: Factors Affecting Blood Pressure • Notes: Peripheral Resistance • Closing • Homework: • None!