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Relativity

Explore how Einstein's postulate of the constant speed of light affects time, length contraction, the twin paradox, energy from mass, light curve, and space curve. Discover the implications of relativity on our understanding of the universe.

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Relativity

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  1. Relativity

  2. Light Clock • Einstein’s postulate is that the speed of light is constant in all inertial frames. • Use light to keep time. • Official standard

  3. Moving Clock • The light on the moving rocket takes a longer path. • The apparent time is longer on the moving rocket.

  4. Lorentz Factor • The relation between the two times is known as the Lorentz factor. • This results in time dilation. • Confirmed on Shuttle

  5. Length Contraction • Light traveling the length of B’s ruler takes less time as A sees B. • Time dilation • Constant light speed • Lengths are shorter in motion.

  6. The Twin Paradox • Gozlo sees Spedo’s clock run slow, so Spedo is younger. • Isn’t Gozlo younger by Spedo’s clock? • No, since Spedo accelerated to change direction. • Not inertial frame • Consider twins Gozlo and Spedo. • Gozlo stays and Spedo travels.

  7. Energy from Mass • We think of energy due to motion. • Relativity uses Lorentz factor • Gamma = 1 in rest frame • Rest energy exists in an object’s inertial frame. • No velocity • Just mass

  8. Light Curve • An accelerating object would see light bend. • Gravity must bend light, too. • Equivalence principle • Measured in 1919 solar eclipse

  9. Space Curve • Mass in space cause space to stretch nearby. • Gravity causes time dilation like velocity. • GPS clock corrections

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