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Jewish Resistance Nazi-sponsored persecution and mass murder fueled resistance to the Germans throughout occupied Europe. Although Jews were the Nazis' primary victims, they too resisted Nazi oppression in a variety of ways, both collectively and as individuals.
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Jewish Resistance Nazi-sponsored persecution and mass murder fueled resistance to the Germans throughout occupied Europe. Although Jews were the Nazis' primary victims, they too resisted Nazi oppression in a variety of ways, both collectively and as individuals.
Jewish Resistancein Ghettos and Camps Between 1941 and 1943, underground resistance movements developed in about 100 Jewish ghettos in Nazi-occupied eastern Europe. Their main goals were to organize uprisings, break out of the ghettos, and join partisan units in the fight against the Germans. The Jews knew that uprisings would not stop the Germans and that only a handful of fighters would succeed in escaping to join with partisans. Still, Jews made the decision to resist. In several dozen camps, prisoners organized escapes to join partisan units.
During World War II approximately 30,000 Jews escaped ghettos and work camps and formed organized armed resistance groups to fight the Nazis. These groups were known as partisans. Despite the odds, women were able to join the partisans. Their work in the partisan camps ranged from domestic duties such as cleaning cooking and nursing, to reconnaissance, weapons transport, as well as armed combat. Women made up approximately 10% of the partisans. What is a ParTisan? a strong supporter of a party, cause, or person.
Obstacles to Resistance • Superior, armed power of the Germans against a largely unarmed population. • German tactic of “Collective Responsibility” (usually 50 to 100 people were killed in retaliation for every German soldier killed) • Isolation of Jews and lack of weapons (even the local population wouldn’t help if you escaped—Jews looked different and the penalty for helping them was death) • Secrecy and deception of deportations (many people were forced to write postcards before they were gassed saying “Arrived safely. I am well.”)
OTHER TYPES OF RESISTANCE PASSIVE RESISTANCE: Resistance which is other than through force, such as spiritual, religious, or cultural. • EXAMPLES: • Spiritual Resistance: Praying was against the rules, but Synagogue services occurred with regularity behind the Nazi’s backs • Cultural Resistance: The observance of many Jewish rituals, including dietary laws, was severely punished by the Nazis, and many Jews took great risks to resist the Nazi edicts against these activities. • Educational Resistance: The education of Jewish children was forbidden, but the ghetto communities set up schools.
Physical resistance by Partisan Groups • Some Jews who managed to escape from ghettos and camps formed partisan groups based in forests. • One group in a Soviet forest managed to derail hundreds of trains and kill over 3,000 German soldiers • They did not receive much help from local populations because of the rampant anti-Semitism Group portrait of a Jewish French underground group named “Compagnie Reiman.”
Physical resistance by Partisan Groups • The map to the right shows the active cells of Jewish Partisan groups acting from forests in Eastern Europe. • As many as 20,000 Jews fought the Germans in these groups alone. • Most of this resistance did not start until 1943 after the Jews realized what was going on with their families. • Many of these groups also saved and harbored Jewish families—as many as 10,000 Jews were saved by these groups.
Article • Article: Resistance During the Holocaust • Number the paragraphs in the reading. You should end on 28. • Read the Overview - paragraphs (1-7) together and discuss key points. • In your group, read/annotate the paragraphs your group is assigned from the article about the heroic partisans. Discuss the key points of your section and write them down in your notes. Make sure to include the heading of the section you are reading. Be prepared to present your key ideas.
Each group will present the Key Ideas from the section they have read to the class. • Students listening should be filling out the portion of the notes being presented. • At the conclusion of the presentations all sections of the article should be completely filled out. GROUP 1: PARAGRAPHS 8 – 11 GROUP 2: PARAGRAPHS 12 – 14 GROUP 3: PARAGRAPHS 15 - 18 GROUP 4: PARAGRAPHS 19 - 22 GROUP 5: PARAGRAPHS 23 - 28
Sobibor The Plan, The Revolt, The Escape • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22IzI9eaewQ
