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Changes in biodiversity of Czech agricultural landscape on multiple spatial scales :

Changes in biodiversity of Czech agricultural landscape on multiple spatial scales : example of birds and soil fauna. Jiří Reif 1 and Jan Frouz 1,2. 1 Institute for environmental studies, Charles University, Benátská 2, Prague, Czech Republic

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Changes in biodiversity of Czech agricultural landscape on multiple spatial scales :

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  1. Changes in biodiversity of Czech agricultural landscape on multiple spatial scales: example of birds and soil fauna Jiří Reif1 and Jan Frouz1,2 1Institute for environmental studies, Charles University, Benátská 2, Prague, Czech Republic 2Institute of Soil Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na sádkách 7, České Budějovice, Czech Republic

  2. Land abandonment is one of the major trends in the current Czech land-use What are the consequences for landscape-scale diversity patters? Which species are affected at the local scale?

  3. Changes in biodiversity of Czech farmland birds Farmland bird = a species occupying human-cultivated open habitats: field, meadow and pasture, trees and scrub in open landscape Non-farmland bird = a species living in wetlands, forest, alpine habitats above tree line, human settlements

  4. Changes in bird species richness and distribution

  5. Species richness of farmland birds number of species 1985-1989 2001-2003 total number of species decreased from 49 to 44

  6. Species richness of farmland birds number of species per mapping square number of occupied squares per species 1985-1989 1985-1989 2001-2003 2001-2003 local species richness and occupancy did not change

  7. Species richness of farmland birds reasons of loss unknown loss of species adapted to heterogenous farmland with extensive cultivation

  8. Species richness of farmland birds spread of non-specialised species of scrubland and meadows

  9. Changes in bird abundance

  10. Population changes in farmland birds

  11. Population changes in farmland birds

  12. Population changes in farmland birds the effect of 1989/1990 changes on farmland birds

  13. Population changes in farmland birds the effect of 1989/1990 changes on farmland birds

  14. Population changes in farmland birds decline after 1990 less steep but ongoing, reverse for a few years only

  15. Changes in biodiversity of Czech farmland birds agricultural intensification depleted populations before 1990 species specialised to extensively managed farmland gone extinct farmland specialists probably suffer from land abandonment after 1990 generalist species living in scrub and meadows benefit from land abandonment

  16. The effect of land abandonment on community and population dynamic of soil dwelling insects. Two model groups: Diptera Coleoptera • The most diverse insect orders • very abundant in soil • play important role in litter decomposition and nutrient cycling • important food source for other consumers including birds

  17. Habitat mosaique in fallow abandoned in 1991 Habitat diversity increased after abandonment peaked in sites 3-5 years old and then decreased Most common vegetation in fallows 10 years ald and older is Calamagrostis egigeios dominated grassland or shrubs dominated by Salix caprea and Betula. Frouz, J., 1997. Res. Popul. Ecol. 39(2): 207-213 and unub. data

  18. Suburban fallow near České Budějovice - DCA Diptera larvae community structure Community structure seems to be more affected by habitat type than plot age Calamagrostis display lower density, and diversity that habitat typical for intermediate stages of succession Biomass decrease as well older fallow offer less food for predators

  19. Some groups prefer habitat common in young fallows such as Chironomidae or Tipulidae Chironomidae and Tipulidae changes in abandoned field near Vodnany – Czech republic Frouz, J., 1997. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 33: 57-65.

  20. Chironomidae - in fallow ower time and in individual patches a Smittia aterrima larval habitat preference Adult flight b b b Preference for open habitat correspond with adult ovi-position preference. The reason may be high abundance of algae that are important food source.Temporal changes follow changes in preferred habitat cover Frouz, J., 1997. Res. Popul. Ecol. 39(2): 207-213. Frouz, J., Olejnicek, J., 1999. Biologia, Bratislava 54: 169-178

  21. Tipulidae in fallow ower time and in individual patches Larval abundance and biomass correspond with occurece of young seedlings in groud layer important food for larvae Frouz, J., 1997. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 33: 57-65. Frouz, J., 1998. In: Pižl, V., Tajovský, K. (Eds.), Soil Zoological Problems in Central Europe., České Budějovice: pp.31-36.

  22. Conclusion Fallow abandonment increased habitat diversity even at level of individual sites, this increase is the most pronounced in young fallow, in older fallow typically low diversity habitats develop (Calamagrostis epigeios or shrubs). Diversity abundance and biomass of soil dwelling insects peaked in 3-5 year old fallow. Some insect group are specialized on young or intermediate succession stages.

  23. Thank you for your attention

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