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Social Darwinism: Europeans should colonize Africa in order to spread their superior civilization.

Social Darwinism: Europeans should colonize Africa in order to spread their superior civilization. Religion: Europeans should colonize Africa in order to spread Christianity. Economics: Europeans should colonize Africa in order to make their own countries richer.

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Social Darwinism: Europeans should colonize Africa in order to spread their superior civilization.

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  1. Social Darwinism:Europeans should colonize Africa in order to spread their superior civilization.

  2. Religion:Europeans should colonize Africa in order to spread Christianity.

  3. Economics:Europeans should colonize Africa in order to make their own countries richer.

  4. National Pride:Europeans should colonize Africa in order to compete with other Europeans.

  5. King Leopold’s Congo How did one man take control of much of central Africa?

  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo • Now the third-largest country in Africa • Valuable minerals, diverse geography • Portuguese arrived in 1480s and began trading minerals, then slaves • By 1850s, slave trade mostly replaced by trade in resources – ivory, gold, copper, rubber

  7. King Leopold II of Belgium • King of Belgium, 1865-1909 • Desperately wanted an overseas empire (national pride) • Interested in Central Africa – little competition • 1876: hosted conference of explorers and geographers • Aim: to bring “civilization” to Africa • Formed International Africa Association  explore and open trade with Central Africa

  8. Exploring the Congo • Henry Morton Stanley – American hired by Leopold to explore Congo • Rivalry with France • Stanley signed 450 treaties with local chiefs – exclusive rights to land and trade

  9. Berlin Conference (again) • 1884-1885 • European countries divide up Africa • International Africa Association not represented – but Henry Morton Stanley is there • Leopold manipulates events • US recognizes Leopold’s control • Leopold gains control over an area 75 times larger than Belgium • Creates the Congo Free State

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