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Mutations

Mutations. Vocabulary. Right now, write your name and class period on the top right corner of your packet. After that, look at the vocabulary words. You will need to learn these words.

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Mutations

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  1. Mutations

  2. Vocabulary • Right now, write your name and class period on the top right corner of your packet. • After that, look at the vocabulary words. You will need to learn these words. • Mark an X in the appropriate box next to the vocabulary word. For example, if you do not know what mutation means, but you have heard the word before, you would mark an X under Column 2 Heard it/Seen it

  3. Popcorn Reading • Mrs. Campbell will choose one person to start reading. When that person finishes a sentence, they will choose another student to read the next sentence. We will continue this until we have read the entire section, “Lesson Introduction.” • After this presentation, you will fill in the section that says “Before Reading” and answer the questions that follow.

  4. Causes of Mutation • Spontaneous Mutations vs. Induced Mutations • The X-men have spontaneousmutationsbecause their mutations just happened with no outside influence. • Spiderman has an induced mutation. He was bitten by a spider, and something in that spider’s venom caused his DNA to change, which changed his traits. He was exposed to a mutagen. • We will popcorn read this section as well!

  5. Mutagens • A mutagen is anything in the environment that can cause a mutation. Mutagens can be radiation, chemicals, or infectious agents (viruses and bacteria that make you sick)

  6. Germline Mutations Germline mutations occur in gametes (sex cells). These mutations are especially significant because they can be transmitted to offspring and every cell in the offspring will have the mutation.

  7. Somatic Mutations Somatic mutations occur in any of the cells of the body besides gametes. These mutations may have little effect on the organism because they are confined to just one cell and its daughter cells. Somatic mutations cannot be passed on to offspring.

  8. Chromosome Mutations (Alterations) Chromosomal alterations are mutations that change chromosome structure. They occur when a section of a chromosome breaks off and rejoins incorrectly or does not rejoin at all.

  9. Point Mutations • A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in DNA. This type of mutation is usually less serious than a chromosomal alteration. An example of a point mutation is a mutation that changes the codon UAC to the codon UAU. Sometimes point mutations occur in noncoding regions of DNA, so they may not have an impact on the organism. Point mutations that do occur in coding regions can be silent, missense, or nonsense mutations

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