2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

1. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2. Essential questions • What are the structures of blood? • What are the structures of the circulatory system? 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

3. Structures of the circulatory system • Blood • Heart • Arteries • Veins • Capillaries 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

4. Blood • Hemat- = blood • -ology = the study of • The average adult has 8 – 10 pints. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

5. Blood One drop of blood contains: • 5 million RBCs • 250,000-500,000 platelets • 7,500 WBCs Red blood cells live 120 days. Make new blood cells 2 million per second! 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

6. Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes Structures of the blood 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

7. Plasma • Straw-colored liquid • 55% of the blood’s volume • Water • Plasma proteins • Nutrients • Electrolytes • Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes • Waste products Plasma Cellular elements 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

8. Plasma proteins • Fibrinogen • Albumin • Globulin • Gamma globulin • Prothrombin Plasma Cellular elements 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

9. Biconcave disk Hemoglobin – protein responsible for transporting oxygen Transportation of: Oxygen Carbon dioxide Erythrocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

10. Larger than erythrocytes Five types Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Monocyte Lymphocyte Leuk/o/cytes – white cells Leukocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

11. Leukocytes - Agranulocytes BOTH help fight off infection, illness and disease and play a key role in our immune system • Lymphocytes • Blue arrow • Smoother • Smaller • Dense and compact • Monocytes • Red arrow • Grainy texture • Larger • Less compact 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

12. Neutrophils make up the largest amount of leukocytes in body are one of the first ones to arrive at the site they kill the invaders by consuming them the pus that you see in an infection is made up of these neutrophils that have died during this process Eosinophils their targets are only bacteria and parasites carry out their duties by trapping invaders, disrupting foreign activities, and being a participant in allergic reactions kill without having to know the specific invader Basophils make up the smallest amount of leukocytes in the body responsible for the allergic reactions that cause some people to have asthma attacks, swelling, hives, and difficulty breathing detect these invaders in the body and make antibodies that help destroy their foreign substances Leukocytes - Granulocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

13. Smallest of solid components of blood Synthesized in red marrow Not cells, composed of fragments of megakaryocytes Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process Thrombocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

14. Life span of blood cells... Not all blood cells live the same amount of time or serve the same function 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

15. Inherited from parents Determined by presence or absence of an antigen on the surface of the red blood cell Blood types What are the types of blood? A, B, AB, O 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

16. In 1901, the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood may be grouped into four main types. Based on the reaction that resulted when blood from different individuals were mixed. Check your knowledge of medical history... 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

17. Blood types • Someone with type A antigen has B antibodies • Someone with type B antigen has A antibodies • Someone with type AB antigen has no antibodies • Someone with type O antigen has A and B antibodies 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

18. Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited trait that refers to a specific protein found on the surface of red blood cells (antigen). Blood used in transfusions must match donors for Rh status as well as for ABO blood type. Although Rh factor doesn't affect the patient’s health, it can affect pregnancy. Rh factor 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

19. In 1940, the Rh factor was discovered as a result of studying Rhesus monkeys. When blood from monkeys was injected into rabbits and guinea pigs, it clotted. Rh factor 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

20. If the blood has the protein, the patient is Rh positive. If the blood lacks the protein, the patient is Rh negative. Rh factor Did you know??? 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

21. Structures of the circulatory system • Heart • Arteries • Veins • Capillaries Did you know your heart is the size of your fist? 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

22. Structures of the Heart Aorta Superior vena cava Pulmonary artery Aortic semilunar valve Pulmonary vein Right atrium Left atrium Tricuspidvalve Bicuspid (mitral) valve Inferior vena cava Pulmonary semilunar valve Right ventricle Left ventricle Septum Apex 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

23. Layers of the heart Left atrium Right atrium Pericardium Myocardium Endocardium Right ventricle Left ventricle 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

24. Conduction system of heart beats Refer to your textbook to identify the structures of the heart’s conduction system in the correct sequence for the heart to beat. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

25. Vessels of the circulatory system • ARTERIES • Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries • Elastic, muscular and thick-walled • Transport blood under very high pressure • Arteries > arterioles > capillaries Arterial blood Oxygen rich Bright red, spurts 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

26. Vessels of the circulatory system • VEINS • Carry deoxygenated blood away from capillaries to the heart • Veins contain a muscular layer, but less elastic and muscular than arteries • Thin walled veins collapse easily when not filled with blood • Veins have values that permit flow of blood only in direction of the heart • Veins > Venules > Capillaries Venous blood Oxygen poor Dark crimson, oozes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

27. Vessels of the circulatory system Identify the major veins. Identify the major arteries. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

28. Structures of the circulatory system • Capillaries • The smallest blood vessels • Connect arterioles to venules 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

29. Right side Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right Ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Lungs CO2 and O2 exchange Left Side Pulmonary vein Left atrium Bicuspid valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta Body Flow of blood through the body 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

30. Pulse sites • Alternating expansion and contraction of an artery as blood flows through it. Radial Temporal Brachial Ulnar Facial Carotid Popliteal Femoral tibialis dorsalis pedis 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

31. Common pulse sites 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

32. Normal HR Ranges (beats/min) 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

33. HR Continued • Resting HR: heart rate when sitting or lying down, while at complete rest • Max HR: age-related heart rate estimated when heart is working at maximum level (220-age) • HR typically increases with exercise • HR decreases with age • Abnormally fast HR at rest can denote disease, anxiety, stress, or illness • Athletes may have a naturally slower HR 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

34. How do we measure HR? • Using one of the common pulse sites we learned about earlier • Using your index and middle finger, press and hold over pulse site – count the number of pulses for 1 minute • Some trained professionals will count for 15 seconds and multiply by 4 or 30 seconds and multiply by 2 to work more quickly • Never use your THUMB to measure pulse! 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system