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Review of Case Uses

Review of Case Uses. Latin II Dec. 9-13, 2013. What Are Cases?. A CASE is how a noun is used in a sentence. Latin CASES correspond to English grammatical uses. Latin CASES are identified by their endings. A declension chart shows the CASE endings of a Latin noun. Genitive. Nominative.

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Review of Case Uses

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  1. Review of Case Uses Latin II Dec. 9-13, 2013

  2. What Are Cases? • A CASE is how a noun is used in a sentence. • Latin CASES correspond to English grammatical uses. • Latin CASES are identified by their endings. • A declension chart shows the CASE endings of a Latin noun.

  3. Genitive Nominative Ablative Accusative Dative

  4. Does English Use Cases? • Yes! Just not as much. • Certain English pronouns uses cases: I, he/she/it, who. • I love him. • He is my friend. • That’s his book. • Who loves you? • From whom did you take the book? • Whose book is that?

  5. Nominative Case • The nominative case is used for subjects and predicate nominatives/ predicate adjectives. • Predicate nom’s/adj.’s are words that follow is, was, will be, etc. • The girl loves the farmer. • The girl is my friend. • The girl is tall.

  6. Genitive Case • Remember Jen’s house?  • The genitive case shows possession. • The house OF JEN. • It can also be used as a partitive genitive: to show the part OF something. • A piece OF PIE. • Translate with “OF” and you’ll never go wrong!

  7. Dative Case • The dative case is used for indirect objects. • Indirect objects tell to whom or for whom something is shown, told, or given. • “Give, show, tell” are light bulb verbs. A light bulb should go off: LOOK FOR A DATIVE! • I told the girl a story. • I gave the beggar money. • I showed the child the picture.

  8. Accusative CaseUse #1 • The accusative case is used for direct objects. • Direct objects receive the action of an action verb. • He kicked the ball. • He likes macaroni.

  9. Accusative CaseUse #2 • The accusative case is also used for objects of some prepositions. • ad, ante, circum, contra, in, inter, per, post, prope, trans • I walked through the field. (per agrum) • I walked into the house. (in casam) • I walked across the street. (trans viam)

  10. Ablative CaseUse #1: Objects of Prepositions • Ablatives are used as the object of the prepositions ab, cum, de, ex, in, pro, sine, sub. • Sine---without • In---meaning “in, on” • De---down from, about, concerning • Sub---under • Pro---in front of, before, for • Ab---(a, ab) away from, from, by • Cum---with • Ex---out from, out of, from

  11. Ablative CaseUse #2: Accompaniment • Ablatives are used as the object of “cum” (“with”) to tell who accompanies someone. • I went to Mars with Sid Space.

  12. Ablative CaseUse #3: Means • Ablatives are used without a Latin preposition to show the means by which (instrument) something is done. • “Cum” (“with”) is not written in the Latin, but you’ll use “with” in English. • The soldier threatened him with a sword. • Miles gladioeumdenuntiavit.

  13. Ablative CaseUse #4: Manner • Ablatives are used with the Latin preposition “cum” (“with”) to tell the manner in which something is done. • He fought with glory. Cum gloriāpugnavit. • Magnāgloriāpugnavit. He fought with great glory. (2 words, no “cum” used) • Or put the “cum” in the middle: • Magnā cum gloriāpugnavit.

  14. Ablative CaseUse #5: Agent • Ablatives are used with the Latin preposition “a/ab” (“by”) to tell by whom something is done…look for a passive voice verb. • I was abducted by aliens. • The girl will be seen by the farmer. • Puella ab agricolāvidebitur.

  15. Vocative Case(the forgotten case!) • The vocative case is used for direct address. • The vocative case is usually the same ending as the nominative case. • The only exceptions are nouns ending in –us and –ius: • -us nouns change to –e • -ius nouns change to -i

  16. Vocative Case(the forgotten case!) • Filia, amote. Daughter, I love you. • Fili, amote. Son, I love you. (filius=son) • Esne amicus, Marce? Marcus, are you my friend?

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