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Atomic Structure

Chapter 4: Elements, Atoms, and Ions. Atomic Structure. Learning Goals:. Describe the components of an atom. Distinguish between protons, neutrons, and electrons in terms of charge and mass. ChemQuestion :.

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Atomic Structure

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  1. Chapter 4: Elements, Atoms, and Ions Atomic Structure

  2. Learning Goals: • Describe the components of an atom. • Distinguish between protons, neutrons, and electrons in terms of charge and mass.

  3. ChemQuestion: • Are all atoms the same? If so, explain what they all have in common. If not, explain how they can be different.

  4. Electrons • Discovered by J.J. Thomson • Cathode Ray Tube Experiment • Showed that atoms of any element can be made to emit tiny negative particles.

  5. Electrons • Electrons – negatively charged subatomic particles (e-) • Located in the space surrounding the nucleus • 1 electron has a charge of -1 • Relative Mass = 1/1840 of a hydrogen atom (small enough to be negligible)

  6. Nucleus • Discovered by Ernest Rutherford • Gold Foil Experiment • Showed that atoms have a very small, very dense center.

  7. Nucleus • Nucleus – very small, very dense, positively charged center of the atom

  8. Protons • Protons – positively charged subatomic particles (p) • Located in the nucleus • 1 proton has a charge of +1 • Relative Mass = 1

  9. Neutrons • Discovered by James Chadwick • Neutrons– neutral subatomic particles (n) • Located in the nucleus • 1 neutron has a charge of 0 • Relative Mass = 1

  10. Atoms and the Periodic Table • Atomic Number = the number of protons in an atom • For a neutral atom, it is also equal to the number of electrons.

  11. Atoms and the Periodic Table • Atomic Mass = the sum of protons and neutrons (measured in atomic mass units, amu) • Electrons are incredibly small compared to the size and mass of protons and neutrons that they are not considered in the mass of atoms.

  12. Check-in: • A neutral atom has 35 protons. List everything you can determine about this element.

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