Acids & Bases

1. Unit 3 Acids & Bases

2. ☺Acids make up an important group of compounds that contain the element HYDROGEN.

3. What are some identifiers of an Acid? Sour or tart taste Burns your skin Irritates the eyes Burns a hole through metal

4. ♣ Many acids are not strong enough to burn your skin or corrode metal.

5. Acid A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) in solution

6. Acid Most acid formulas will start with the letter H. * Boric Acid = H3BO3 * Nitric Acid = HNO3 * Sulfuric Acid = H2SO4 * Hydrochloric Acid = HCℓ

7. Properties of Acids 1.) Acids taste sour.  NEVER use taste as the test for the presence of an acid

8. Properties of Acids 2.) Acids are electrolytes.  they will conduct electricity

9. Properties of Acids 3.) Acids are corrosive.  eat away at (dissolve) metals

10. Properties of Acids 4.) Acids react with compounds called indicators.  they will produce COLOR changes

11. Indicator An organic compound that changes color in an acid or base. * Litmus paper  turns REDin the presence of an ACID  turns BLUE in the presence of a BASE

12. 4 most important Industrial Acids 1.) Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) 2.) Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) 3.) Nitric Acid (HNO3) 4.) Hydrochloric Acid (HCℓ)

13. Sulfuric Acid * Most widely used chemical in the world * referred to as “Battery Acid” * Used in:  batteries  fertilizers  dehydrating agent

14. Phosphoric Acid * Important to industry worldwide * Used in:  soft drinks  fertilizers  detergents

15. Nitric Acid * Best known for its use in making explosives * Can cause serious burns if it makes contact or the vapor is inhaled * Used in:  manufacturing of fertilizers

16. Hydrochloric Acid * Forms when hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in water * Can harm human tissue * Used in:  industrial metal cleaner

17. All from One! Phosphoric, Nitric and Hydrochloric acids can be produced by using sulfuric acid. * react sulfuric acid with a compound containing the negative ion of the desired acid

18. Phosphoric = Sulfuric + Calcium Phosphate Nitric = Sulfuric + Sodium Nitrate Hydrochloric = Sulfuric + Sodium Chloride

19. Base A substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution.

20. Base Most base formulas will end with the letters OH * Aℓ(OH)3 = Aluminum Hydroxide * NaOH = Sodium Hydroxide * Mg(OH)2 = Magnesium Hydroxide

21. Properties of Bases 1.) Bases are a crystalline solid in its undissolved state.

22. Properties of Bases 2.) In solution, Bases are bitter tasting and feel slippery. * NEVER use taste or touch to test for the presence of a base.

23. Properties of Bases 3.) Bases, like acids, are corrosive. * may cause burns and tissue damage

24. Properties of Bases 4.) Bases are electrolytes. * they will conduct electricity

25. Properties of Bases 5.) Bases will react with indicators. * they produce COLOR changes

26. 4 Most common Bases 1.) Soaps 2.) Ammonia 3.) Calcium Hydroxide (caustic lime) 4.) Sodium Hydroxide (lye)

27. Hydronium Ion (H3O+) Is produced when a compound is ionized in water * this causes it to be an acid

28. If a solution contains more OH- ions than H3O+ ions, it is referred to as a basic solution.

29. Water, is it an ACID or BASE? Formula = H2OorHOH * water will corrode (rust) a metal * water can dilute a base or an acid It is BOTH!

30. The End