Torticollis

1. Torticollis ( wry neck )

2. Definition: Torticollis, also known as wry neck or loxia is a symptom defined by an abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position, which may be due to a variety of causes. The term torticollis is derived from the Latin words tortus for twisted and collum for neck

4. Causes : Unfortunately, the cause of torticollis is unknown. However, it may be caused by conditions such as hyperthyroidism, nervous system infections, tardive dyskinesia (abnormal facial movements resulting from taking antipsychotic medications), some medications used for nausea or vomiting, and neck tumours. In addition, emotional difficulties may also contribute and even worsen the disorder.

5. Occasionally, newborn babies develop a congenital form of torticollis because of damage to the neck muscles during a difficult delivery. In older children, an imbalance of the eye muscles and bone or muscle deformities of the upper spine can also cause torticollis.

6. Symptoms : The affected side shoulder is elevated than the other side The affected neck muscle becomes tightA swelling or lump is seen in the neck muscle Neck painLimited movement of the neck HeadacheNeck stiffness Head tremors Neck muscle spasm (pain and tightness of the muscle)

7. Classification : 1- congenital Torticollis 2- acquired Torticollis

8. Treatment : • Low-impact exercise to increase strong form neck stability. • Manipulation of the neck by an Occupational Therapist, Doctor of Chiropractic, Physical therapist, or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine. • Extended heat application. • Repetitive shiatsu massage

9. Prevention : • Correct positioning is important, and most pediatricians recommend parents reposition baby's head every 2–3 hours during waking hours. • If torticollis is not corrected, facial asymmetry often develops. Head position needs to be corrected before about the age of 18 months for there to be improvement. Younger children show the best results

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