Turn your homework into the box Study your Vietnam notes Section I. A-E

1. Turn your homework into the boxStudy your Vietnam notes Section I. A-E

2. Who started the Vietnamese Nationalist Group? • What was the group called? • What two countries fought in French Indochina war? • What is the name of the mountain town where the French were defeated? • Give at least 2 negotiations of the Geneva accords? • Who was the leader of pro-west South Vietnam? • Why did the US support France? • Explain the Domino Theory.

3. Going to WAR in Vietnam

4. Recap & quiz answers • Vietnam long history of fighting for independence • France relinquishes control of Vietnam during WWII. • During WWII, Japan seizes Vietnam. • Post WWII ,Ho Chi Minh (Vietminh) Vietnam declares independence. • France wants Vietnam colony back, US backs France • France-Vietnam go to war (French-Indochina War) • USA sends aid to French (domino theory) • French defeated at Dien Bien Phu • Geneva Accords : • Free elections, Vietnam ÷ @ 17th parallel , North =Communist led by Ho Chi Minh (USSR & CHINA) • South=Democraticled by Ngo Dinh Diem (USA)

5. Geneva Accords • France-Vietnamese cease fire • Free Elections in 1956 • Divided Vietnam @ 17th parallel (temporary)

6. China French Indo-China North Vietnam South Vietnam Laos Cambodia Thailand

7. Geneva Accords1956 Elections • Diem (South, Dem) • Refused • to hold election • Thought • Communist North would not have fair elections • Knew • Ho Chi Minh would win. • Minh (North, Comm) • Knew • Popular support was in his favor • Knew • He had support of Southern Vietnamese • Encouraged • Popular uprising against Diem and U.S

8. Civil War 1958 (III) • North Vietnamese begin guerilla attacks against south. • South Vietnamese (lower class) turn against Diem (Vietcong) • By 1964, 50 % South Vietnam controlled by Vietcong.

9. Diem • Unpopular • Corrupt • Discriminated against Buddhism • Killed protesters • Monks burned themselves • North Generals wanted to overthrow Diem • US agreed. • New Leadership was weak • US had to step in even more.

10. JFK Jan 1961- Nov 1963 (III) • Supported Domino Theory like Eisenhower • Increased aid to Saigon • Sent military advisors • 16,000 advisors by 1963 • Sent aid & military advisors, but no troops • Funded and trained South Vietnamese army

11. Lyndon B. Johnson Nov 1963 -1969(III) • Became President when JFK was assassinated. • Defeated Barry Goldwater less than a year later (1964 election) • Democrats • Truman lost China to communism. • Didn’t want to lose Vietnam • Sent U.S. Troops to Vietnam in August of 1964.

12. Warfare • Vietcong- mostly from South • Guerilla Warfare • Used booby traps • Blend with civilians • Used children and elderly • used geography • Mountains • Jungle

13. Search and Destroyattempt to destroy enemy morale Napalm Jellied Gasoline that exploded on impact Agent Orange Chemical that destroyed vegetation

14. Fighting • Vietnamese • Vietcong- mostly insurgents from southern Vietnam (guerilla) • North Vietnamese Army NVA • Supported by China • Sent arms & supplies to south • Ho Chi Minh Trail- • Series of trails through Laos & Cambodia • United States • Only strategic targets • Did not full out BOMB.. • Feared China or Soviet involvement. • Limits on war made it difficult to win. • War of attrition- Wearing the enemy down.

15. Lyndon B. Johnson Nov 1963 -1969 (IV) • Gulf of Tonkin-1964 • USS Maddox attacked • One-Two Punch • Aug 2 - “unprovoked attack” • Aug 4- appeared to be a lie “confusion” • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution • Congress gave all war powers to LBJ. • US sends in troops to Vietnam • Operation rolling thunder • First strategic bombing raids against North Vietnam

16. Lyndon B. Johnson Nov 1963 -1969 (IV) • By 1968 ½ million troops in Vietnam. • NVA enter the South via Ho Chi Minh Trail • Series of trails in Laos & Cambodia that brought weapons and troops from the North to the South.

17. Tet Offensive – Jan/Feb 1968 (V) • Vietcong and NVA launch massive attack on major S. Vietnam cities. • For Vietnamese • Military defeat but a moral victory. • Proved Vietnamese were in it for the long haul. • For the U.S. • Military Victory but a psychological defeat. • U.S. govt. telling Americans that victory was close but TV News showed a different reality. • Credibility Gap- American public slowly losing faith in their government • American public turns against the war.

18. 1968 Presidential Race Democrats • Chicago- Riots ensue at Democratic Primary • Bobby Kennedy’s assassination left the Dems without a real leader. • Johnson very unpopular • Humphrey is like Johnson… Republicans • Nixon • Southern Strategy • Promised to overturn Civil Rights legislation. • Vietnamization • A way out of Vietnam • Prep the Vietnamese army to fight so US can go home. • More people died in the jungles after 68 than had dies from 64-68

19. Cambodia Communist Build Up (VII) • Nixon sends troops into Cambodia to prevent communism. • War Protests explode in the U.S.A. • US troops fire on Students protesters at Kent State University. • US pulled back into Vietnam

20. Fall of South Vietnam (VIII) • Congress opposed to continuing to spend on war. • PENTAGON PAPERS • 1971, documents revealed secrecy and corruption in the war making effort during Johnson’s administration • Ceasefire 1972 • US withdraw and South Vietnam collapses by 1975

21. Legacy of Vietnam • War Powers Act- President no longer needs Congress to go to war (60 days) • People do not trust Govt • Worsened with Watergate scandal • 26th Amendment 18 yrs to vote.