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The Cell Cycle & Cell Division

The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. Growth of an organism. Does an organism get larger because each cell increases in size or does it make more cells? Why are cells small? To maximize surface area to volume ratio So that the DNA can handle the making of the required proteins for the cell.

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The Cell Cycle & Cell Division

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  1. The Cell Cycle & Cell Division

  2. Growth of an organism • Does an organism get larger because each cell increases in size or does it make more cells? • Why are cells small? • To maximize surface area to volume ratio • So that the DNA can handle the making of the required proteins for the cell

  3. The Cell Cycle http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2001/press.html

  4. Animated Cycle http://www.cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm

  5. MITOSIS

  6. Mitosis The process of cell division which results in the production of two daughter cells from a single parent cell. The daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent cell.

  7. Mitosis can be divided into stages • Interphase • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase & Cytokinesis

  8. Animal Cell DNA replicated Organelles replicated Cell increases in size Plant Cell DNA replicated Organelles replicated Cell increases in size InterphaseThe cell prepares for division

  9. Interphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

  10. Animal Cell Packages DNA into chromosomes Plant cell Packages DNA into chromosomes ProphaseThe cell prepares for nuclear division

  11. How does the DNA “code” work?

  12. Prophase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

  13. Animal Cell Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell Spindle fibers attach from daughter cells to chromosomes at the centromere Plant Cell Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell Spindle fibers attach from daughter cells to chromosomes at the centromere MetaphaseThe cell prepares chromosomes for division

  14. Metaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

  15. Animal Cell Spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart ½ of each chromosome (called chromotid) moves to each daughter cell Plant Cell Spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart ½ of each chromosome (called chromotid) moves to each daughter cell AnaphaseThe chromosomes divide

  16. Anaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

  17. TelophaseThe cytoplasm divides Animal Cell DNA spreads out 2 nuclei form Cell membrane pinches in to form the 2 new daughter cells Plant Cell DNA spreads out 2 nuclei form Cell membrane pinches in to form the 2 new daughter cells New cell wall forms between the 2 new daughter cells

  18. Telophase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

  19. MitosisAnimation http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

  20. Animal Mitosis -- Review

  21. Plant Mitosis -- Review

  22. MEIOSIS

  23. Meiosis Meiosis is thetype of cell division by which germ cells (eggs and sperm) are produced. One parent cell produces four daughter cells. Daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes found in the original parent cell

  24. Meiosis During meiosis, DNA replicates once, but the nucleus divides twice.

  25. Meiosis Four stages can be described for each division of the nucleus.

  26. Meiosis I First division of meiosis

  27. First Division of Meiosis • Prophase 1: Each chromosome duplicates and remains closely associated. These are called sister chromatids. • Metaphase 1: Chromosomes align at the center of the cell. • Anaphase 1: Chromosome pairs separate with sister chromatids remaining together. • Telophase 1: Two daughter cells are formed with each daughter containing only one chromosome of the chromosome pair.

  28. Prophase I http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

  29. Prophase I http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

  30. Metaphase I http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

  31. Telophase I http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

  32. Meiosis Second Division of Meiosis

  33. Second Division of Meiosis • Prophase 2: DNA does not replicate. • Metaphase 2: Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell • Anaphase 2: Centromeres divide and sister chromatids move separately to each pole. • Telophase 2: Cell division is complete. Four haploid daughter cells are formed.

  34. Prophase II http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

  35. Metaphase II http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

  36. Telophase II http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

  37. Meiosis http://www.biosci.uga.edu/almanac/bio_103/notes/apr_3.html.

  38. Meiosis Animation http://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/movie/meiosis.htm

  39. Mitosis Asexual Cell divides once Two daughter cells Genetic information is identical Meiosis Sexual Cell divides twice Four haploid daughter cells Genetic information is different Differences in Mitosis & Meiosis

  40. Comparison Animations http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/divi_flash.html http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/7th/genetics/sciber/animatin.htm

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