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Chapter 7 Cell Structure & Function

Chapter 7 Cell Structure & Function. Biology I – 10/23/12. Turn in Vocab Terms Microscope Lab Day 1 w.s. 7.2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure. Objectives: Describe the function of the nucleus Describe the functions of the major cell organelles Identify the main roles of the cytoskeleton.

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Chapter 7 Cell Structure & Function

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  1. Chapter 7 Cell Structure & Function

  2. Biology I – 10/23/12 • Turn in Vocab Terms • Microscope Lab Day 1 w.s

  3. 7.2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure • Objectives: • Describe the function of the nucleus • Describe the functions of the major cell organelles • Identify the main roles of the cytoskeleton

  4. 7.2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure • Cell organization • Organelles • “little organs” • the specialized structures within the cell that perform a function

  5. Cytoplasm • The fluid that fills the entire cell • The portion of the cell outside of the nucleus • In plants and animals

  6. The Nucleus • “Control center” of the cell • Contains nearly all of the cell’s DNA &, with it, the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules • In plants and animals

  7. Inside the Nucleus • Chromosomes • Looks like granular material • Contain genetic information/DNA

  8. Inside the Nucleus

  9. Inside the Nucleus • Nucleolus • Small, dense area in nucleus • Directs the formation of ribosomes

  10. Ribosomes • Small circles • Make proteins • Found in cytoplasm and on ER

  11. Rough ER-looks like continuous tubes • Has ribosomes on its surface • Modifies proteins • Produces proteins that will eventually leave the cell

  12. Smooth ER • No ribosomes • Has enzymes • makes membrane lipids & the detoxification of drugs

  13. Golgi Apparatus • Looks like a stack of flat pancakes • Proteins produced in the rough ER move here • Modifies, sorts, & packages materials from the ER

  14. Lysosomes • The “clean-up crew” • Small organelles filled with enzymes • Break down cellular materials

  15. Lysosomes (cont) • Found mostly in white blood cells • Have been linked to diseases, such as Tay Sach’s • Tay Sach’s is a disorder that is caused by a genetic defect that prevents the formation of an essential enzyme that breaks down lipids • These lipids build up in the body and can cause nerve damage; prognosis is not good

  16. Peroxisome • Look like lysosomes • Contains enzymes such as catalase • Hydrogen peroxide is broken down here

  17. Vacuoles • Large sac-like, membrane enclosed structures • Storage unit • Larger in plant cells • Pressure allows plants to support heavy structures

  18. Mitochondria • “Powerhouse” of the cell • Creates cellular energy (ATP) for the cell to function

  19. Chloroplasts • Capture energy from the sun & convert it into chemical energy – photosynthesis! • Where photosynthesis occurs • Only in plant cells

  20. Cytoskeleton • helps cells keep its shape • The framework of the cell • Made up of microfilaments and microtubules

  21. Cytoskeleton

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