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Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions. Chapter 11. What is a Chemical Reaction?. The process in which atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form new different substances. Evidence of Chemical Reactions. Temperature change (hot or cold) Light Color change Odor Gas bubbles Appearance of solids.

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Chemical Reactions

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  1. Chemical Reactions Chapter 11

  2. What is a Chemical Reaction? • The process in which atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form new different substances

  3. Evidence of Chemical Reactions • Temperature change (hot or cold) • Light • Color change • Odor • Gas bubbles • Appearance of solids

  4. Reactants and Products A + B  C + D

  5. Writing Chemical Reactions

  6. Word Equations • Use the names to show a reactions • Ex: • Iron (s) + Chlorine (g)  Iron (III) Chloride (s)

  7. Skeleton Equation • Uses symbols to show reaction • Ex: • Iron (s) + Chlorine (g)  Iron (III) Chloride (s) • Would become • Fe (s) + Cl2 (g)  FeCl3 (s)

  8. Law of Conservation of Mass • You cannot create nor destroy mass • After a chemical reaction, no matter can be made and no matter can be destroyed • Mass Reactants = Mass Products

  9. Example Problem H2 + Br2 HBr Mass reactants = Mass Products =

  10. Balancing Equations • To satisfy the law of conservation of mass, you have to balance equations to make the mass of the reactants = mass products

  11. Adding Coefficients Have to make the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation H2 + Br2 2HBr Coefficients multiply every atom in the compound or molecule

  12. Classifying Chemical RXN’s • You can classify chemical reactions in one of five categories • Synthesis • Decomposition • Combustion • Single Replacement • Double Replacement

  13. Synthesis Reactions • Synthesis = to make • Take two things and make one • A + B = AB • Ex: • Fe + Cl  FeCl • Na + Cl  NaCl

  14. Decomposition Reactions • Decompose = break down • One thing breaks down into two • AB  A + B • Ex: • NH4NO3  N2O + H2O • NaN3  Na + N2

  15. Combustion Reactions • Reactions where you have combustion • Engines, gas grills, gas fireplaces, burning things • Oxygen is always a reactant and CO2 & H2O are always the products • Ex: • CH4 + O2  CO2 + H2O

  16. Single Replacement Reactions • One Ion switches places with another • A + BX  AX + B • Ex: • Cu + AgNO3  CuNO3 + Ag • F2 + NaBr  NaF + Br2

  17. Double Replacement Reactions • Two ions switch places with each other • AX + BY  AY + BX • Ex: • Ca(OH) + HCl  CaCl + HOH • NaOH + CuCl  NaCl + CuOH • KCN + HBr  KBr + HCN

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