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Table of Contents

Table of Contents. States of Matter Changes of State Gas Behavior Graphing Gas Behavior. - States of Matter. Solids. A fixed, closely packed arrangement of particles causes a solid to have a definite shape and volume.

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Table of Contents

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  1. Table of Contents • States of Matter • Changes of State • Gas Behavior • Graphing Gas Behavior

  2. - States of Matter Solids • A fixed, closely packed arrangement of particles causes a solid to have a definite shape and volume.

  3. In amorphous solids, the particles are not arranged in a regular pattern. - States of Matter Solids • Solids that are made up of crystals are called crystalline solids.

  4. - States of Matter Liquids • Because its particles are free to move, a liquid has no definite shape. However, it does have a definite volume.

  5. - States of Matter Gases • As they move, gas particles spread apart, filling all the space available. Thus, a gas has neither definite shape nor definite volume.

  6. Graphic Organizer Solids, Liquids, and Gases Example (at room temperature) State of Matter Shape Volume Solid Definite Definite Diamond Liquid Not definite Definite Water Gas Not definite Not definite Oxygen

  7. Key Terms: Examples: surface tension viscosity gas - States of Matter Building Vocabularypg 42 • A definition states the meaning of a word or phrase by telling about its most important feature or function. After you read the section, reread the paragraphs that contain definitions of Key Terms. Use all the information you have learned to write a definition of each Key Term. Key Terms: Examples: solid A solid has a definite shape and a definite volume. Surface tension is the result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together. crystalline solid Solids that are made up of crystals are called crystalline solids. Another property of liquids is viscosity—a liquid’s resistance to flowing. amorphous solid In amorphous solids, the particles are not arranged in a regular pattern. Like a liquid, a gas is a fluid. Unlike a liquid, however, a gas can change volume very easily. liquid A liquid has a definite volume but no shape of its own. fluid A liquid is also called a fluid, meaning “a substance that flows.”

  8. End of Section:States of Matter

  9. - Changes of State Changes Between Solid and Liquid • The change in state from a solid to a liquid is called melting.

  10. - Changes of State Changes Between Solid and Liquid • The change of state from liquid to solid is called freezing.

  11. - Changes of State Outliningpg 48 Changes in State • As you read, make an outline about changes of state. Use the red headings for the main topics and the blue headings for the supporting ideas. • Changes Between Solid and Liquid • Melting • Freezing • Changes Between Liquid and Gas • Evaporation • Boiling • Boiling Point and Air Pressure • Condensation • Changes Between Solid and Gas

  12. End of Section:Changes of State

  13. Measuring Gases • When working with gases it is helpful to know its volume, temperature, and pressure. Volume: the amount of space that matter fills Gas particles move and fill the space available. The volume of a gas is the same as the volume of its container Pressure: the force of its outward push divided by the area of the walls of the container. Pressure = Force(N) / Area (m2) Units of Pascals (Pa) Using Formulas Pg 57 Temperature: the measure of the average energy of random motion of the particles of a substance The faster the particles are moving, the greater their energy and the higher the temperature.

  14. - Gas Behavior Using Formulas • Pressure can be calculated using the formula below. Force is measured in newtons (N). If area is measured in square meters (m2), pressure is expressed in pascals (Pa). • Pressure = Force/Area • For example, a machine exerts a force of 252 N on a piston having an area of 0.430 m2. What is the pressure in pascals on the piston? • Pressure = 252 N/0.430 m2 = 586 Pa

  15. Practice Problem A trash compactor exerts a force of 5,600 N over an area of 0.342 m2. What pressure in pascals does the compactor exert? P = 5,600 N/0.342 m2 = 16,374 Pa - Gas Behavior Using Formulas

  16. - Gas Behavior A Change in Pressure • A punctured basketball deflates as gas particles begin to escape.

  17. Pressure and Volume • Boyle’s Law: • When the pressure of a gas (at a constant temperature) is increased, the volume of the gas decreases. • When pressure is decreased, the volume increases.

  18. - Gas Behavior Pressure and Volume • As weights are added, the gas particles occupy a smaller volume. The pressure increases.

  19. - Graphing Gas Behavior Pressure and Volume • Pushing on the top of the piston decreases the volume of the gas. The pressure of the gas increases.

  20. - Gas Behavior Pressure and Temperature • When a gas is heated, the particles move faster and collide more often with each other and with the walls of their container. The pressure of the gas increases.

  21. - Gas Behavior Volume and Temperature • Changing the temperature of a gas at constant pressure changes the volume similarly.

  22. Volume and Temperature • Charle’s Law: • When the temperature of a gas is increased (at a constant temperature), its volume increases • When the temperature of a gas is decreased, its volume decreases

  23. - Gas Behavior Gas Laws Activity • Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about gas laws.

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