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Chemical Bonding

Chemical Bonding. 3 Types of Bonding. Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding Metallic Bonding. Bonding is the transfer of electrons Bonding is concerned with the Valence Electrons. Ionic Bonding. Ionic bonding is an electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms.

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Chemical Bonding

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  1. Chemical Bonding

  2. 3 Types of Bonding • Ionic Bonding • Covalent Bonding • Metallic Bonding

  3. Bonding is the transfer of electrons • Bonding is concerned with the Valence Electrons

  4. Ionic Bonding • Ionic bonding is an electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms.

  5. Lose an electron Atom is Positive • Gain an electron Atom is Negative • Positive Ion is called Cation • Negative Ion is called Anion

  6. Characteristics of Ionic Compounds • 1) Crystalline solid at room temperature • 2) Have higher melting and boiling points compared to covalent bonds. • 3)Conduct electrical current in solution state. • 4)Extremely polar bonds. • 5)Most are soluble in water.

  7. Magic # • The magic number is 8 • Every atom wants to gain electrons up to 8, or lose electrons to equal zero, In order to be stable. • Exception= Hydrogen= only needs two electrons

  8. Lewis Dot Structure • 1) Write the Atomic Symbol • 2)Count up the number of valence electrons. • 3)Draw a dot around the symbol for each valence electron.

  9. Helpful Hint • An easy way to check if a bond is Ionic: • One atom must be from group 1, 2, or 13 on the periodic table and the other atom from groups 14-17.

  10. Oxidation Number (Charge)

  11. Covalent Bonds • Covalent Bonds are formed as a result of the sharing of one or more pairs of bonding electrons. Each atom donates half of the electrons to be shared.

  12. 2 forms of covalent bonds • 1) Polar Covalent - unequal sharing of electrons • 2) Non-Polar Covalent – equal sharing of electrons between atoms.

  13. Single Covalent Bond • A single covalent bond would be the sharing of two electrons between the 2 bonded atoms. • H-H H-Cl F-F • The dash line is symbolic of the bonding pair. • One line equals 2 electrons

  14. Double Covalent Bond • A double covalent bond is 2 pairs of electrons being shared. • O=O C=O

  15. Triple Covalent Bond • A triple covalent bond is the sharing of 3 pairs of electrons. • N=N C=C C=N

  16. Metallic Bond • The metallic bond occurs only between 2 metal atoms. In this type of bond the valence electrons are free to move about the electron clouds of all metals participating in the bond. • It is similar to a “Sea of Electrons”.

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