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Chapter 3: Language

Chapter 3: Language. Language is…. A collection of symbols governed by rules and used to convey messages (meaning) between individuals. Language Defined. Made of Symbols Alphabet, numbers, gestures, verbal sounds Is Rule Governed Semantic, syntactic, pragmatic, phonological

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Chapter 3: Language

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  1. Chapter 3: Language

  2. Language is… • A collection of symbols governed by rules and used to convey messages (meaning) between individuals

  3. Language Defined • Made of Symbols • Alphabet, numbers, gestures, verbal sounds • Is Rule Governed • Semantic, syntactic, pragmatic, phonological • Meaning between individuals • Is a process

  4. Richard and Ogden’sTriangle of Meaning Thought Process Word Thing

  5. Meaning • in people not words • Change with time, place, and experience • Denotative- dictionary meaning • Connotative- subjective/personal meanings

  6. Language shapes and reflects attitudes

  7. Language Shapes PerceptionsPower, Status, and Credibility, • Grammar, Accent • Labels • Person’s Name • Title

  8. Language Reflects Attitudes • Affiliation • Jargon and Slang • Attraction and interest • Joe and Jane or Jane and Joe • Responsibility • I versus You messages • You make me mad…I feel angry when…

  9. Racism, Sexism, Bigotry

  10. Language Shapes and Reflects Culture • Linguistic determinism: • Whorf-Sapir Hypothesis • Reflects • Impact of the world on a culture • Eskimos/Snow • Shapes • Understanding of what is important to the culture • Time, Family Relationships

  11. Troublesome Language

  12. Equivocal language Words with more than one meaning

  13. Relative WordsWords which gain meaning by comparison

  14. Abstract LanguageWords which vary in specificity

  15. Slang WordsWords used by members in a similar group or co-culture

  16. Jargonshorthand used by people with common interests or jobs

  17. Euphemismssubstituting a pleasant word for a less pleasant one • Used to spare one’s feelings • Used to be politically correct • Reflects concerns of a particular group of people • Used to Manipulate feelings, level of responsibility; status

  18. Language is influenced by Gender

  19. MEN • Talk About: • Music, Current Events, Sports, Business • Gossip about • sports figures and media personalities • Conversation • is a game; make it fun • Words: • use swear words, interrupt more • Goal: • Use language as a way to assert control • Reach goals, solve problems, offer advice

  20. WOMEN • Talk About: • Relationship problems, Family, Health, Reproductive matters, Weight, food, Clothing • Gossip About: • Close friends and family • Conversation • is about feelings, relationships • Words: • justifiers, intensive adverbs, talk less in mixed sex dyads • Goal: • Use conversation to meet need for empathy • Use Language to maintain Harmony

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