Medical Terminology

1. Medical Terminology Genitourinary System Chapter 12

2. Anatomy and Physiology Structures two kidneys, two ureters, bladder, urethra monitors, regulates extracellular fluids excretes harmful substances in urine nitrogenous wastes (urea) returns useful substances to bloodstream maintain balance of water, electrolytes (salts), acids, pH in the body fluids

3. Macroscopic Structures ren/o and nephr/o cortex, medulla renal artery, renal vein renal pelvis ureter urethra

4. Excretion urination micturition voiding

5. nephron glomerulus glomerul/o renal pelvis pyel/ filtration, reabsorption, secretion Microscopic Structures

6. Formation of Urine blood filtered to glomerulus capillary walls thin blood pressure higher inside capillaries than in Bowman�s capsule

7. Formation of Urine causes filtration of fluid into capsule this fluid is initial urine and equivalentto protein free plasma

8. Formation of Urine in healthy nephron, neither protein nor RBCs filter into capsule in proximal tubule, most of nutrients and large amount of water reabsorbed back to capillaries salts selectively reabsorbed according to body�s needs water reabsorbed with salts

9. Formation of Urine nitrogen-containing waste products of protein metabolism, urea and creatinine, pass on through tubules to be excreted in urine urine from all collecting ducts empties into renal pelvis urine moves down ureters to bladder empties via urethra

10. An obstruction along this path can set the stage for infection. Obstruction may be kidney stone; enlarged prostate gland; or tumor. Any blockage causes stasis and diminished flow of urine, and bacteria thrive in the stagnant fluid

11. Male Reproductive System Functions produce sperm transport viable sperm

12. Testes or testicles seminiferous tubules produce sperm secrete testosterone Scrotum or scrotal sac epididymis stores sperm vas deferens ejaculatory duct

13. Urethra and Penis Urethra is the common reproductive and urinary channel Penis is the male sex organ that transports sperm into the female vagina glans penis covered by prepuce or foreskin prepuce or foreskin removed during circumcision

14. Pathology of the Urinary System

15. Pyelonephritis caused by pyogenic E. coli, Streptocci, Staphylococci infections usually ascend that originate in lower tract or may be descending infection carried by bloodstream or lymph any obstruction paves way for infection due to stagnation of urine bacteriuria, pyuria, hematuria

16. Acute Glomerulonephritis common, children and young adults often from previous streptococcal infection; strep throat, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever. chills, fever, anorexia, malaise, edema albuminuria, hematuria, casts often present a degenerative inflammation of glomeruli

17. Glomerular membrane inflammed permeable, proteinuria, casts May have repeated episodes called chronic glomerulonephritis

18. Nephrolithiasis Dissolved urine salts begin to solidify asymptomatic size increase may result in obstruction intense radiating pain from kidney area to groin - colic stone may block flow of urine hydronephrosis

19. Nephrolithiasis can be partially dissolved by medication then passed may be crushed by lithotripsy if immersed in water - hydrolithotripsy if performed out of water - nephrotripsy nephrolith, nephrolithiasis, ureterolith, cystolith

20. Bladder Neck Obstruction Blockage of bladder outlet causes prostatic hypertrophy calculus, blood clot, tumor cystitis

21. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Prostate enlarges and decreases size of urethral lumen Retained urine - cystitis - nephritis transurethral resection (TURP)

22. Ischemia, Nephrotoxic injury oliguria hypercalcemia Acute Tubular Necrosis

23. Carcinoma of the Prostate dysuria, frequency, hematuria bilateral orchiectomy

24. End of Chapter 12 Chapter 9 Genitourinary System