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Chapter 32

Chapter 32. Electrostatics. Electrostatics involves electric charges, the forces between them, and their behavior in materials. Electrical Forces and Charges. Just like gravity there is a force between electric charges . These forces are billions of times stronger than gravitational forces.

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Chapter 32

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  1. Chapter 32 Electrostatics

  2. Electrostatics involves electric charges, the forces between them, and their behavior in materials.

  3. Electrical Forces and Charges • Just like gravity there is a force between electric charges. These forces are billions of times stronger than gravitational forces. • There are two types of charges. • We call them positive(+) and negative(-).

  4. Defining Electrostatics • Electro: Electron • Static: Stationary • Electrostatics is the study of stationary electrons and protons.

  5. Like charges Repel Unlike charges attract. + and - charge 2 - charges 2 + charges Repel Attract Repel

  6. Charge hasUNITS!!! • We represent a charge • with the letter q. • We measure charge in • coulombs (c). An electron has a charge of -1. • The electron has a negative charge. A Proton has a charge of +1. • The proton has a positive charge. Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (14 June 1736 – 23 August 1806)

  7. Insulator Vs. Conductor Insulator • Not many electrons that can move freely throughout the material • Atoms in material do not let their electrons go. Conductor • Many electrons float freely through the materials. • Atoms in material let some of their electrons float freely.

  8. Semiconductors • Materials that can act like an insulator or a conductor. • Passing enough electricity through a semiconductor will make it turn from an insulator to a conductor. • Semiconductors are the materials used to make computer chips.

  9. There is a force between charges. Recall: Force of gravity between two objects Now: Force between charges.

  10. Gravity Vs. Electric Charge Magnitude: Size Inverse: As distance gets bigger, Force gets smaller Attractive: pull together Repulsive: Push apart

  11. How We Charge Objects. • Charging by friction or contact. • Rub your shoes across a rug (friction) • Then shock your friend. (contact) • Charging by Induction • Bring a charged object next to another charged object. No physical contact.

  12. Grounding • Electrons want to be next to the opposite charge. • When we ground something charged we give the electrons a path to be where they want to be.

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