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PSYC 1101 Introduction to General Psychology

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PSYC 1101 Introduction to General Psychology

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    1. PSYC 1101 Introduction to General Psychology Learning Unit 2F Behavior Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

    2. Genes: Our Codes for Life OBJECTIVE 6-3| Define chromosome, DNA, gene, and genome, and describe their relationships.OBJECTIVE 6-3| Define chromosome, DNA, gene, and genome, and describe their relationships.

    3. Genes: Our Codes for Life

    4. Genome

    5. Gene Complex A set of genes that interact to produce particular effects (physical and psychological). May or may not be located on the same chromosome.

    6. Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences OBJECTIVE 6-2| Describe the type of questions that interest behavior geneticists.OBJECTIVE 6-2| Describe the type of questions that interest behavior geneticists.

    7. Behavior Genetics Methods: Twin Studies OBJECTIVE 6-4| Explain how identical and fraternal twins differ, and ways that behavior geneticists use twin studies to understand the effects of environment.OBJECTIVE 6-4| Explain how identical and fraternal twins differ, and ways that behavior geneticists use twin studies to understand the effects of environment.

    8. Twins and Procedures

    9. Separated Twins

    10. Separated Twins

    11. Behavior Genetics Methods: Adoption Studies Objective: To study the relative effects of heredity and environment OBJECTIVE 6-5| Cite ways that behavior geneticists use adoption studies to understand the effects of environment and heredity.OBJECTIVE 6-5| Cite ways that behavior geneticists use adoption studies to understand the effects of environment and heredity.

    12. Behavior Genetics Studies

    13. Parenting Research Finding: Environmental factors shared by a family’s children (including parenting) have virtually no impact on their personalities. Personality is defined as an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

    14. Parenting

    15. Temperament Studies OBJECTIVE 6-6| Discuss how the relative stability of our temperament illustrates the influence of heredity on development.OBJECTIVE 6-6| Discuss how the relative stability of our temperament illustrates the influence of heredity on development.

    16. Temperament Emotionally reactive newborns tend to be the most emotionally reactive 9 month-olds Inhibited and fearful 2 year-olds are still relatively shy as 8 year olds and about ˝ become introverted adults. Emotionally reactive, impulsive 3 year-olds have been found to grow into more impulsive, aggressive, and conflict prone 21 year-olds

    17. Temperament Anxious, inhibited infants have higher and more variable heart rates and a more reactive nervous system They become more physiologically aroused when facing new strange situations.

    18. Heritability OBJECTIVE 6-7| Explain heritability's application on individuals and groups, and explain what we mean when we say genes are self-regulating.OBJECTIVE 6-7| Explain heritability's application on individuals and groups, and explain what we mean when we say genes are self-regulating.

    19. Group Differences

    20. Group Differences In order to estimate the relative influence of genes on the development of behavioral and mental traits, individuals with similar environments must be studied. When we compare different groups to each other we cannot control for the effects of differing environments on development and therefore cannot isolate the effects of genes.

    21. Group Differences

    22. Nature and Nurture

    23. Gene-Environment Interaction OBJECTIVE 6-8| Give and example of a genetically influenced trait that can evoke responses in others, and give another example of an environment that can trigger gene activity.OBJECTIVE 6-8| Give and example of a genetically influenced trait that can evoke responses in others, and give another example of an environment that can trigger gene activity.

    24. Gene-Environment Interaction

    25. The New Frontier: Molecular Genetics OBJECTIVE 6-9| Identify the potential promise and perils of molecular genetics.OBJECTIVE 6-9| Identify the potential promise and perils of molecular genetics.

    26. Molecular Genetics: Promises and Perils

    27. Evolutionary Psychology: Understanding Human Nature OBJECTIVE 6-10| Describe the areas of psychology that interests evolutionary psychologistsOBJECTIVE 6-10| Describe the areas of psychology that interests evolutionary psychologists

    28. Natural Selection OBJECTIVE 6-11| State the principle of natural selection, and point out some possible effects of natural selection in the development of human characteristics.OBJECTIVE 6-11| State the principle of natural selection, and point out some possible effects of natural selection in the development of human characteristics.

    29. Natural Selection As a result of evolution contemporary humans are predisposed to behave in ways that aided the survival and reproduction of our prehistoric ancestors. For example, sweets and fats were hard to come by in the environment occupied by our ancestors but they were needed for surviving famines. Those individuals who were highly motivated to obtain them had an advantage. In today’s environment sweets and fats are easy to come by and obesity is becoming a problem for contemporary humans in many societies.

    30. Natural Selection Our ancestors were more likely to survive if they allied with members of their own group and avoided/were antagonistic toward members of other groups. In today’s world survival may depend on getting along with members of diverse groups but we are still predisposed to distrust and dislike those who are different from us.

    31. Artificial Selection

    32. Human Traits

    33. Human Sexuality OBJECTIVE 6-12| Identify gender differences in sexuality.OBJECTIVE 6-12| Identify gender differences in sexuality.

    34. Mating Preferences OBJECTIVE 6-13| Describe evolutionary explanations for gender differences in sexuality.OBJECTIVE 6-13| Describe evolutionary explanations for gender differences in sexuality.

    35. Mating Preferences

    36. Does evolution determine our behavior? Perhaps the most advantageous trait conferred upon humans by evolution is our highly developed brain that allows us to adapt and adjust our behavior even to the point where we can overcome our own genetically-based predispositions. Consequently, to a far greater degree than is true of other organisms, humans are not the “prisoners” of our evolutionary inheritance.

    37. Critiquing the Evolutionary Perspective OBJECTIVE 6-14| Summarize the criticisms of evolutionary explanations of human behavior, and describe the evolutionary psychologists’ responses to those criticisms.OBJECTIVE 6-14| Summarize the criticisms of evolutionary explanations of human behavior, and describe the evolutionary psychologists’ responses to those criticisms.

    38. Evolutionary Psychologists Reply

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