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Sociological Perspective on Groups, Organizations, and Social Interaction

This chapter explores the sociological imagination, different types of groups, social interaction within groups, dynamics of formal organizations, and the characteristics and challenges of bureaucracy. It also discusses inter-organizational relationships and the impact of organizational factors on oligarchy.

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Sociological Perspective on Groups, Organizations, and Social Interaction

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  1. Chapter 6 Groups and Organizations

  2. Chapter Outline • Using the Sociological Imagination • Concept of the Group • Types of Groups • Social Interaction in Groups • Formal Organizations • Dynamics of Formal Organizations • Formal Organizations in Japan

  3. Groups • Members of groups: • Interact • Share culture • Consider one another’s behavior • Have some common interests and goals

  4. Characteristics of Primary and Secondary Groups

  5. Conditions Favoring Primary Groups • Small group size. • Face to face contact. • Continuous contact. • Proper social environment.

  6. Size of State Bureaucracies

  7. Social Network • Links a person with a wide variety of individuals and groups. • Provide a sense of belonging and social support and help in the job market.

  8. Types of Social Interaction

  9. Social Interaction and Group Life • Cooperation • Conflict • Social exchange • Coercion • Conformity

  10. Cards for Asch’s Experiments

  11. Major Characteristics of Bureaucracy • A division of labor based on the principle of specialization. • A hierarchy of authority. • Organizational affairs are based on a system of rules and procedures.

  12. Major Characteristics of Bureaucracy • Members of the organization maintain written records of their organizational activities. • Statuses in the organization, especially managerial ones, are considered full-time jobs.

  13. Major Characteristics of Bureaucracy • Relationships within the organization are impersonal, devoid of favoritism. • Employees of bureaucratic organizations do not own their positions.

  14. University Organization Chart

  15. Problems with Bureaucracy • Dehumanizing social environment • Wastefulness. • “Peter principle” - Once reaching a level of incompetence members shift their concern to sustaining organization values. • Goal displacement • Trained incapacity

  16. Military Bureaucracy

  17. Inter-organizational Relationships Involving the Police

  18. Organization and Oligarchy • How organizational factors encourage oligarchy: • Organizations need a hierarchy of authority to delegate decision making. • Advantages held by leaders at the top allow them to consolidate their power. • Membership tends to defer to the skills possessed by their leaders.

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