The U.S. Civil War: 1861-1865

1. The U.S. Civil War:1861-1865 S.P.R.I.T.E

2. Socially • Biggest Social changes are found in Music and Art

3. Music: Generation culture stew • Blended African music, with modern American band music • European focused on harmony and melody, yet America came up with its new rhythmic style as a result of the Civil War • Minstrels: • Developed the idea of “Jim Crow” • Banjos were made know

4. Band Music: • Town Bands • Military Bands • First bands using more instruments then the traditional trumpet and drums • African American influence: • Spirituals: • Still sung in churches and gatherings (e.g. Follow the Drinking Gourd) • Blues • Mix of African culture with modern band music

5. Art • During the Civil War a lot of well know artist returned to Europe (where they often went to school), thereby leaving Americans to create there own genre of art. • Paintings: • European= highly defined • American =informal, show day to day life. • Sculpting: • After the Civil War sculptors did more sculpting in memorial instead of for art.

6. African Influence: • After the Civil War African Americans were able to peruse any art and were not restricted by laws that had prevented them from reading and writing • Photography: • During the Civil War photography was more a scientific method or form of documentation • We examine it because some photos were seen as art at a later time • Most well know photographer during the Civil War was Matthew Brady (he took the pic of Lincoln that is now found on the five dollar bill)

7. Architecture: • Some reverted back to the English Gothic style house (e.g. Lyndhurst) • Though Americans came up with the idea of a shotgun house (small or large)

8. Politically • Political Candidates: • Abraham Lincoln realized that in order to win Americas vote you must come down to there level and understanding, as a result he used common references to some of the most well know documents of that time: • The Bible • The Constitution

9. Abolitionists in Politics: • Before the Civil War abolitionist were viewed as crazy, yet as time passed people of political influence realized the truth in there statements, resulting in abolitionist thoughts found in political events • Focus on African Americans: • People often think that the reason for the Civil War was to free slaves, this is often though because the main focus of the political circle at the time was slaves • This is evident in the Acts, Amendments created for the African Americans, the documents are: • 13th Amendment • 15th Amendment • Civil Rights Act(to counter the black codes) • It is also evident in the governments creation of the Freedman’s Bureau.

10. Religiously • Social Movement, best describes the Religious movement during and after the Civil War • Churches transformed from making disciples and witnessing to focusing more on: • Reuniting Families • Finding jobs • Creating a trusting community • Or basically creating a social church

11. African Americans struggle with religion: • African Americans often incorporated God or Christianity into their songs or signals • From this emerged spirituals that are sill sung in church’s today (mentioned in Music section) • They favored Christianity because pastors often preached equality for all

12. Intellectually • African American High Education: • The first schools for blacks were created by the Freedman’s Bureau, and all ages attended • Though also church’s created schools and universities for blacks, churches like: • The African Methodist Episcopal Church • The American Missionary Association • Created schools like: • Howard • Fisk • Atlanta • Dillard • Tougaloo • Morehouse • Spelman

13. Firearm Tech • 3 r.p.m. Max. • 100-yd. Range. • Rifling Innovation • Springfield Rifle • Increased range to 500 yds. • Cost a Union Private’s month’s pay

14. Firearm Tech • B. Tyler Henry • Rapid rim cartridge • 30 rpm; 1,000 yds! • Union Army kills half of Confederacy’s 15,000-man force before they reach the lines at Gettysburg

15. Maritime Tech • Union Army’s Anaconda Plan • Sunken U.S.S Virginia raised, clad with iron, named the………………… (Extra Credit)

16. Confederacy Merrimack 20 men ½ hour to turn around Hampton Rhodes Union Monitor 22 men Revolving turret Off South Carolina Battle of the Ironclads!

17. Transportation Tech • Railroads • North = 21,000 miles • South = 9,000 miles • Contributed to the rescue of 15,000 soldiers at Gettysburg • Standard track width was 4 ft. 8 in. because……………..

18. Telegraph! 50,00 miles of cable Ulysses S. Grant: mobile stations William Bullock 1867 1,500-10,000 copies Ironic death… Communication Tech

19. Food Rations Tech • First: Hardtack & Salted Beef • Later: Canned Food • Fruits • Veggies • Meat • Pork & Beans

20. Medicine Tech • Ambulance Innovation • Retrieval was terrible • Prosthetics improved • Introduction of basic anesthetics (Ether/Chloroform). • Confederacy invents inhaler…

21. Economically • Cotton: • South's most influential product, brought in most income to the South and also affected the North • The Anaconda Plan and other countries refusing to take sides during the Civil War, at the end of the war most of the countries that the South traded with had broken their alliance and went to Egypt for there cotton • This brought on economic down turn

22. Death Toll • 250,000 soldiers