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Chapter 29 “ The World War I Era ”

Chapter 29 “ The World War I Era ”. Section 1: The Road to War (WWI). Causes to War. 4 major causes to war A. Imperialism 1.Competition for colonies led to conflict among European powers. A. Germany very Jealous of Great Britain colonies B. Germany took land away from them.

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Chapter 29 “ The World War I Era ”

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  1. Chapter 29“The World War I Era” Section 1: The Road to War (WWI)

  2. Causes to War 4 major causes to war A. Imperialism 1.Competition for colonies led to conflict among European powers. A. Germany very Jealous of Great Britain colonies B. Germany took land away from them. B. Militarism 1. Instead of diplomacy, the built massive armies/navies, new weapons etc.

  3. Causes to war C. Nationalism 1. 2 kinds contributed to ww1 A. Countries act in their own best interest. Cared for only themselves. B. Most ethic minority wishing to be one country instead of controlled by a European power. D. Alliances 1. Agreement of treaties among countries that promise to depend on each other if attacked.

  4. Setting The Scene • 1. Austro-Hungarian empire controlled Bosnia (colony). Bosnia was made up of mostly Serbs- Nearby Serbia • 2.Black Hand- “secret military society” terrorist organization dedicated to driving out A.H and Bosnia becoming part of Serbia. • 3.June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to the A.H empire visited Bosnia with wife/children. a. while with his family a car bomb went off, injuring two officers. Franz went on to a speaking engagement. Afterwards went to the Hospital to check on officers. b. Gavrilo Princip a terrorist spotted the car as it slowly moved down the street and the Archduke and his wife were killed.

  5. Conflict Expands • 1.AH blamed Serbia for the assassination of Archduke and demanded Serbia not to support terrorism. A.H being unsatisfied declared war on Serbia. a. Serbia- allied Russia (Nicholas II) allied France b. A.H- allied Germany(Kaiser Wilhelm II) c. Mobilization - readying troops for war. 2. Schlieffien Plan- Germany plan to fight a front war a. attack France first, defeat quickly, then turn to fight Russia. b. part of the plan was to attack France through the country of Belgium. (who was allied with great Britain) 3. Central Powers- AH, Germany, Ottoman Empire a. Allies GB, France, Russia, Serbia

  6. A. Stalemate 1. Germany 30 miles out from Paris. (Belgium) a. Stalemate neither side could gain an advantage. b. no man’s land c. trench warfare 2. Did not defeat France quickly- 2 front war a. end of 1914 Ottoman Empire joined central powers b. 1915 Italy joined allies. B. Modern Warfare Machine guns, grenades, rapid fire artillery, poison gas. a. charged across no man’s land “over the top” huge counselors

  7. III. America’s Response 1. 1/3 of Americans immigrants (92millions Americans) a. quarter of immigrants were German and another 1/8 were Irish b. both hated G.B. c. most Americans were pro Allies. 2. Most distrusted Kaiser Wilhelm II- not for democracy a. propaganda- information used to sway public opinion • Neutrality 1. traded with GB, German submarines kept sinking, trade blockaded GB trade.

  8. U.S. Declares War German Submarine Warfare 1. U Boat- German submarines a. invented to combat against GB b. unrestricted submarine warfare- sink all ships, civilians at war, that was helping the enemy. 2. Lusitania- British passenger ship, sunk killed 128 Americans a. Sussex Pledge Germany would worn ships warfare on attack

  9. II. Moving Towards War • 1916 Wilson “He kept U.S out of the war” a. Zimmermann note 1. Germany ended Sussex Pledge in 1917 2. GB intercepted telegraph from Arthur Zimmerman, German minister to Mexico. A. If us tried to enter war, Mexico should attack, Germany would govern all lands back Mexico that they lost in 1848. B. Revolution in Russia 1. 1917 1.5 million dead 7.5 prisoners a. march gov’t overthrown (Nicholas II) b. U.S. backed new gov’t 2. between March 16-18, 3 American ships sunk a. April 6, 1917 declared war.

  10. Americans on The European Fronts • Only 100,000 men in uniform. Not ready for war. a. Allies is desperate need of replacement troops 2. Sent 14,500 under general John J Pershing • Preparing for War 1.sent tons of supplies to help allies 2. Pershing immediately asked for 1 million men by 1918 and 3 million if war lasted. • Drafters/Volunteers 1. selective service act- 1917, digit (18-45) 24 million resisted 3 million drafted. 2. American Expeditionary Force- AEF “doughboys” a. 11,000 women

  11. Preparing for War cont. B. Soldiers in Europe 1. Pershing kept Americans separate fighting unit did not allow Americans to just join the ranks in British/French commands. a. brought youth, energy and strength to the war b. 300,000 African American troops, (“segregated”). 400 died/wounded. Most never even saw combat . c. Harlem Hell fighters 369th reg. loaned to French II Turning the tide of War • Russians new govnt overthrown by Bolsheviks- Vladimir Lenin a. took Russia out of the war b. freed Germany for a front war c. April 1918 50 miles from Paris

  12. A. America Saves Paris Pershing sent America Troops to the front. a. Belleau Wood b. Chateau- Thierry c. “dig no trenches to fall back on. The marines will hold where we stand”( at this battle that’s exactly what they did) d. 2nd battle of the Marne B. Allied counter Attack a. After turning back the Germans outside Paris, the Allies took heart. C. War in the Air • Captain Eddie Rickenbacker (downed 26 planes) • Billy Mitchell • Zeppelins floating airships and German bombers

  13. III. Ending the War • Allies refused all peace a. Armistice- cease fire 2. Last months of war, Americans brought blue virus to western Europe . a. turned into Paranormal b. killed 500,000 Americans and 30 million world wide 3. Result of the war • 50,000 Americans died in combat • 8 million soldiers died in combat, not counting the millions wounded, blinded, etc.

  14. Section 5 Global Peacemaker • Wilson’s 14 pts- American version for peace a. No secret treaties b. reduction of military c. self determined - the powers to make decisions about ones own future d. league of nations - an organization where all the members agreed to protect each other. • Paris Peace Conference 1. Wilson (U.S.) 2. David Lloyd George (G. B.) 3. George Clemenceau (France) 4. Vittorio Orlando (Italy) a. Known as the big 4

  15. Global Peacemaker cont. • Compromise 1. Wilson was forced to compromise on the focused underlined in the 14 points. 2. Civil war in Russia – Red vs. White II Peace treaty 1. Created 9 new nations out of A.H., Russia, Germany. 2. War guilt clause- Germany fault for the war 3. Reparations- payments for the war

  16. Signing the Treaty 1.Versailles Treaty - treaty that ended WW1 in 1919 signed June 28. a. One of the peace treaties that ended the war. 2. Wilson returned home treaty had to be signed by Congress a. Irreconcilables – senator against treaty because of the league of nations b. Reservationist supported but with restrictions 3. Wilson tours country to convince American response a. suffered stroke b. did not sign Versailles treaty – signed separate agreement by 1921 with President Harding

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