INFECTIOUS DISEASES

1. INFECTIOUSDISEASES

2. Terminology • Infection • Invasion of body by disease causing organism and the body’s reaction to its presence • Antigen • Foreign invader • Stimulates a response from the immune system • Antibody • Chemical compound made by immune system to destroy antigens and toxins • Toxins • Chemicals released by the antigen

3. Infectious Agents • Bacteria • One celled organism • Virus • Smallest common pathogen • Fungi • Plantlike microorganism • Rickettsia • Virus like organism that requires a host • Protozoa • Simplest animal organism, one celled • Parasitic worms • Many celled organism ie leeches, tapeworms

4. Agent • Disease causing agent • Reservoir • Humans, animals, soil • Portal of exit • Respiratory system, blood, digestive system

5. Mode of transmission • Direct contact • Physical contact • Indirect contact • Handwashing between patients • Droplet contact • sneeze • Vector borne • insects

6. Chain of Infection • Portal of entry • Digestive, respiratory, reproductive system • The new host

7. Stages of Infection • Incubation period • Organism invades and multiplies • Prodromal period • General symptoms • Clinical disease • Illness at its peak with specific symptoms • Decline stage • Symptoms subside • Recovery period • Still contagious

10. Immunizations/Vaccines • Diptheria • Inflammation of the throat • Whooping cough • Bacterial infection • Hepatitis B • Viral infection affecting liver • Haemophilius influenzae type B • Bacterial infection affecting heart and brain • Tetanus • Bacterial infection of central nervous system

11. Immunizations/Vaccines • Rubella • German measles • Measles • Viral infection • Polio • Viral infection causing paralysis • Mumps • Viral infection of salivary glands • Chicken pox • Viral infection with rash

12. Food Poisoning • Sickens 76 million/yr, kills 5000 • Salmonella poisoning • Poultry • Trichinosis • Pork • Listeria • Cheese, milk, yogurt • E-coli • meat • Botulism • Canned goods

13. Food Poisoning • Avoiding food poisoning • Wash fruits and veggies • Thaw chicken in refrigerator • Wash hands after handling poultry • Thoroughly cook chicken, eggs, meats • Refrigerate foods quickly

14. Toxins • Bacteria can release toxins near cells to destroy them • Some toxins are very powerful • ¼ teaspoon to toxin released by tetanus organism is strong enough to kill 10,000 people

15. Antibiotics • Group of drugs that destroy or inhibit bacteria • Not effective against viruses • Rise of drug resistant bacteria • 95% of hospitals have vancomycin resistant bacteria • 40% of streptococcal pneumonia is resistant to antibiotics

16. Colds • Acute rhinitis • Approx 200 know rhinoviruses • Can be transmitted by droplets (sneezing or coughing) • Most common transmission hand contact • To prevent transmission wash hands frequently • Keep you hands away from your nose • Incubation period 18-24 hours

17. Influenza/Flu • Flu epidemic of 1918-1919 • Killed 50 million people in 18 months • Virus very contagious in first 3 days • Kills 40,000 people/yr and hospitalizes 300,000/yr • Flu vaccine

18. Tuberculosis • Bacterial infection of lungs • chronic cough, weight loss, death • Most commonly spread by coughing • Antibiotic resistant strain in US

19. Pneumonia • Respiratory infection • Can be caused by bacterial, viral, parasitic or fungal causes • Elderly die from pneumonia

20. Mononucleosis • Spread by oral contact, blood transfusions • 15-25 is the usual age group • Caused by Epstein-Barr virus • Fever, sore throat, nausea, chills, rash enlarged spleen • Mono spot • Blood test • Life long immunity • Bed rest • Avoid contact sports

21. Bacterial Meningitis • Infection of membranes surrounding brain and spinal cord • High fever, severe headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, rash, flu like symptoms • Kills approx 300 of the 3000 who get sick each yr in the US • Higher rates in college students • Vaccination • Given at 11-12 year old check up • Entering high school students • Entering college students • Protects for 10 years

22. Lyme Disease • Bacterial disease from infected deer ticks • Symptoms in 30 days, small bumps around circular red rash with flu symptoms • Later stages lead to disorders of nervous system, heart, chronic arthritis • Treated with antibiotics • Protect yourself from ticks while outdoors • Wear long pants and long sleeve shirts • Tuck your pants into your socks • Check yourself and your pets for ticks

23. Lyme Disease

24. Toxic Shock Syndrome • Widespread infection related to tampons • Develop shock • Tampons should be changed every 4 hours, never longer then 8 hours

25. Hepatitis • Viral inflammation of the liver • Type A, B, C, D, E • Type A • Related to poor sanitation, contaminated foods • Contaminated vegetables from Mexico implicated in many outbreaks of hepatitis A • Found in developing countries • Vaccine is available

26. Hepatitis • Type B • Related to sexual contact, blood transfusions, IVDA, tattooing, body piercing • Symptoms include jaundice, headache, pain over liver • If a coma develops only 10-20% survive • Vaccine available, must be given before kindergarten and to health care workers

27. Hepatitis • Type C • Spread same way as type B • Kills 12,000/yr in US • 2.7 million carry the hepatitis C virus • 90% IVDA carry the hepatitis C virus

28. Hepatitis • Type D • Found in people with type B • Difficult to treat • Type E • Associated with water contamination • Rarely seen in US

29. SARS • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome • Atypical pneumonia • Caused by a virus • First found in China • Extremely contagious

30. Avian Bird Flu • H5N1 virus • Found initially in Asian birds and has now spread to Europe • Concerned that it may mutate and be easily transmitted to humans • So far it has killed about 100 people world wide • Health officials fear a world wide epidemic killing millions