Tim Stefanich - Environmental Engineer Sioux Falls Water Purification

1. Cryptosporidium Monitoring for Compliance with the LT2 Rule Tim Stefanich - Environmental Engineer Sioux Falls Water Purification

2. What do I need to do to prepare? • Are you required to sample? • All SW and GWUDI systems must sample *E. coli results may trigger Cryptosporidium monitoring. If annual mean E. coli > 10 / 100 ml when using lake / reservoir then must sample for crypto. If annual mean E. coli > 50 / 100 ml when using flowing stream, then must sample for crypto. (SWM GM table 1-1)

3. What do I need to do to prepare? • When do I begin to sample?

4. What do I need to do to prepare? • Obtain a copy of the rule (153 pages) • Obtain EPA Guidance Manuals • Surface Water Monitoring GM (151 pages) • Microbial Laboratory GM (273 pages) • Obtain list of EPA approved labs • EPA Crypto and e-coli sampling pocket guide • State Point of Contact – Mark Mayer http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/disinfection/lt2/ index.html

5. Guidance Manuals • Surface Water Monitoring GM • Setting up contract for lab services • Sampling location and schedule • Collecting and shipping • Grandfathering • Reviewing and submitting data • Microbial Laboratory GM • Laboratory analysis methods • How to receive laboratory approval

6. Research Cryptosporidium Sampling / Testing Methods • Method 1622 – Cryptosporidium in water • Method 1623 – Cryptosporidium and Giardia in water • LT2 Rule does not require monitoring for or reporting of results for analysis of Giardia. • Little additional cost for Giardia analysis • Sampling requirements are identical between methods • Must use an EPA approved laboratory

7. Research Sampling Procedures • Collect and ship bulk water samples • Sample size (10 – 50 liter) • Shipping costs • Extra cost for lab to filter sample • Filter sample on-site and ship filter. • Purchase own equipment? • Rent equipment? • Type of filter used? • Suggest spare equipment and filters

8. Filter Sample On-Site • Two types of filters approved • IDEXX Filta-Max • Less expensive • Separate filter and holder • Tolerant to higher pressures (< 120 psi) • Flow rate 3 – 4 L/min

9. Filter Sample On-Site • Envirochek or Envirochek HV • More expensive (2X) • Integrated filter and holder • Less tolerant to higher pressure • 30 psi for Envirochek • 60 psi for Envirochek HV • Higher flow rate for HV • 2 L/min for Envirochek • 4 L/min for Envirochek HV • Some labs may be specific as to the type of filter used.

10. Sample Size • Minimum 10 Liter sample • Highly turbid samples may require more than 1 filter to get minimum 10 liters. • Recommend that sample size be consistent through the sampling period

11. Sampling Frequency • Matrix spikes • Required at least every 20 field samples • Used by lab to “spike” with Crypto, filter, and analyze to determine recovery within your source water. • Allowed to pre-filter any sample over 10 liters and shipping filter and remaining 10 liters for “spiking” • Sample taken same time or right before or after as regular crypto sample.

12. Sample Collection Location • Source water prior to any chemical addition, treatment, or addition of backwash water • Multiple sources may require volume weighted samples Ex. Source A = 25% Source B = 75% Volume Weighted Sample (one 10L Sample) Volume A = 2.5 L Volume B = 7.5 L Yields 1 result and you pay for one sample • Result weighted sample (pay for 2 analysis)

13. Sampling Schedule • Laboratory schedule will dictate your sampling schedule • The sooner you select a lab and start sampling, the better date selection you will have • Sampling schedule must be consistent from month to month. (Ex - 17th of each month) • Sample must be collected within 2 days of date selected (Ex – 15th to 19th)

14. Shipping • Overnight • Will shipper accept coolers? • Do they charge extra for handling coolers? • Do not allow contents to freeze • Insulation between blue ice and filters or bulk sample • Max temp < 20 C • Do not forget the paperwork • Datasheets • Chain of custody record

15. Results • Turnaround time • 10 to 15 days but check with lab • Shorter TAT can lead to higher costs

16. Sampling Equipment Selection • 15 Liter Poly Carboy (2) • ½” – 5/8” dia. reinforced vinyl hoses • Garden hose type quick disconnects

17. Sampling Equipment Selection • SHURflo diaphragm pump • 1.7 gpm • 95 psi max • Filta-Max filter holder or • Envirochek filter

18. Sampling Equipment Selection • Badger flow meter • Gallons • Totalizer • Flow control valve

19. Raw Water Sampling Sites • 2 separate sources • Surface water • Chemical added and treated prior to mixing with groundwater • Groundwater Groundwater Actiflo BigSioux River Backwash Water Potassium Permanganate

20. Sampler Setup

21. Data Collection Sheet

22. Finished Water Sampling

23. Results (To be Grandfathered) • 50 samples since Jan 20, 2004 • Average volume collected – 10.5 L • No detections (Detect limit Avg 9.78 / 100 L) • E. Coli range < 1 to 200 colonies / 100 ml • Turbidity range 2.4 - 24 NTU • 3 Matrix spike samples • Crypto recovery range 38.4 – 58 % • Giardia recovery range 43.4 – 68.7 %

24. Summary of all Results • Big Sioux River (1994 to present) • Only sample when on-line • Cryptosporidium • 2 detections • Range from 17.2 – 100 cysts per 100 L • Last detection Jan 2004 • Giardia • 6 detections • Range from 4.9 – 83 cysts / 100 L • Last detection Dec 2002

25. Summary of All Results • Raw Water (1994 – Present) • Cryptosporidium • 4 detections • Range from 1 – 89 cysts per 100 L • Last detection May, 1996 • Giardia • 9 detections • Range from 9 – 333 cysts / 100 L • Last detection Oct 2000 • Finished Water (1994 – Present) • No detections • Average detection limit of 1.2 / 100 Liters