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Petroleum B Flashcards pp. 195-212

Petroleum B Flashcards pp. 195-212. Use the chart on pg. 205 to answer some of these questions. List 3 factors that have increased petroleum use. -Development of internal combustion engine (cars) -Increase in industrial technology -Increase in world population.

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Petroleum B Flashcards pp. 195-212

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  1. Petroleum B Flashcardspp. 195-212

  2. Use the chart on pg. 205 to answer some of these questions.

  3. List 3 factors that have increased petroleum use.

  4. -Development of internal combustion engine (cars)-Increase in industrial technology-Increase in world population

  5. As the number of carbons increase the heat of combustion ...A) ? in kJ/g B) ? in kJ/mole

  6. A)decreasesB)increases

  7. Write a chemical equation for the combustion of butane. (use the chart on pg. 205)

  8. 2 C4H10 + 13 O2 =>8 CO2 + 10 H2O + 5178 kJ

  9. If your vehicle gets 18 miles per gallon and gasoline costs $1.28 a gallon, how much would you spend on gasoline in one year? Assume you drive 250 miles a week.

  10. answer:$924.16$1.28/1 gal x 1gal/18mil x 250 miles/1 week x 52 weeks/1 year =

  11. If 1 gallon of gasoline will produce 132,000 kJ of energy and the automobile is only 20% efficient …how much energy is wasted?

  12. (.80)(132,000)=105,600 kJ

  13. Define:Oxygenated fuels

  14. -Additives that are made of CH3OH-Usually alcohol or MTBE that are added to gasoline to boost octane ratings

  15. How much thermal energy is produced by burning 5 moles of methane?

  16. 5 moles x 890 kJ/mole= 4450 kJ

  17. Using the chart on page 205, which is the best fuel (in kJ/mole)?

  18. Octane, because it releases more energy.

  19. What is gasohol?

  20. A blend of fuel that is 10% alcohol and 90% gasoline.

  21. Define:Heat of combustion

  22. Amount of energy released when a substance burns.

  23. Give an example of: a)Thermal energy b)Chemical energy c)Mechanical energy d)Sound energy e)Electrical energy

  24. a)Heat from frictionb)The burning of gasolinec)Pistons moving in a car engined)Sound from the horn or the enginee)Running the radio, lights, etc.

  25. Initial mass of candle + index card 15.500 gVolume of water 98 mlRoom temperature 25oCInitial temperature of water in can 10oCFinal temperature of water in can 40oCFinal mass of candle + index card 15.000 gGiven the above data chart, calculate the change in temperature of the water.

  26. DT = Tf - TiDT = 40o - 10oDT = 30o C

  27. What are catalysts?

  28. Substances that speed up a reaction, but is itself unchanged and can be reused.

  29. Initial mass of candle + index card 15.500 gVolume of water 98 mlRoom temperature 25oCInitial temperature of water in can 10oCFinal temperature of water in can 40oCFinal mass of candle + index card 15.000 gGiven the above data chart, calculate the mass of water used.

  30. Mass of water =112.98 g – 14.98 gm = 98 g H2O

  31. List the molecules that might form when C15H32 is cracked.

  32. C5H12 & C10H20orC8H18 & C7H14or any combination that adds up to 15 C’s.

  33. Initial mass of candle + index card 15.500 gVolume of water 98 mlRoom temperature 25oCInitial temperature of water in can 10oCFinal temperature of water in can 40oCFinal mass of candle + index card 15.000 gGiven the above data chart, calculate the thermal energy used to heat the water.Thermal Energy = (mass H2O)(4.2)(Tf - Ti)

  34. = (98 g) (4.2) (40 - 10)o= 12,348 joules

  35. What would be the percent of Iso-octane & Heptane in a gasoline mixture with an octane rating of 89?

  36. 89% Iso-octane &11% Heptane

  37. List 2 ways to increase a fuels octane rating.

  38. -oxygenate the fuels by adding methanol or MTBE.-”isomerize” the hydrocarbon fuels by increasing the # of side branches on the molecules.

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