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Geography & The Five Themes

This chapter introduces the study of geography and its three branches: physical, cultural, and economic. It discusses the concepts of location, place, movement, human/environment interaction, and region. Engage with interactive activities and explore the unique characteristics of Madison County and Kentucky.

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Geography & The Five Themes

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  1. Geography & The Five Themes Chapter One

  2. GEOGRAPHY • The study of the Earth and the ways people live and work on it.

  3. 3 Branches of Geography • Physical - climate, landforms, hazards, disasters, the distribution of plants and animals, etc. • Cultural - also known as human geography, includes language, religion, medicine, cities, entertainment, etc. • Economic – development, industry, how we move ourselves and our goods, how people make a living, etc.

  4. LOCATION • Where is it? • How do I get there?

  5. LOCATION • Absolute location – position on the globe using latitude and longitude ex. Anchorage, Alaska 61°N, 150°W • Relative location – location in relation to other areas ex. Madison Central is located across from Daniel Boone Elementary and next to the Madison County Country Club

  6. Richmond’s Location • Absolute - 37° N, 84° W • Relative - Richmond is located south of Lexington and north of Berea in the central part of Kentucky

  7. PLACE • Every place on Earth has features that distinguish it from all other places.

  8. PLACE • What is it like there?

  9. PLACE • Physical characteristics – landforms, climate, vegetation • Human characteristics – languages, customs, beliefs, government types, economies

  10. What is unique about Madison County?

  11. What is unique about Kentucky?

  12. MOVEMENT • How are people and places connected?

  13. MOVEMENT • Places do not exist in isolation • People, goods, and ideas move between places

  14. Movement in Madison County • Interstate 75 • Many people travel to Lexington to work every day • Mail from Richmond is transported to Lexington to be postmarked

  15. HUMAN/ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION • How do people relate to the land? • How have people changed the environment? • What are the consequences of those changes? • How do people respond to changes in the environment?

  16. HUMAN/ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION • We adapt to the environment in many ways. Examples - wearing a coat when it is cold, using terraced farming on a hillside, irrigating a desert region to farm, making snow to ski • Often when humans modify or change the environment the result is negative. (air pollution, water pollution, waste materials)

  17. H/E Interaction in Richmond • Martin Bypass – How did that development change the environment? • Recycling • Pollution - Kentucky River • Concrete wastelands • Army Depot • ???

  18. REGION • Geographers create regions to help classify places. • What regions do you live in?

  19. REGION • Formal regions – places with similar attributes (ex. Corn Belt) • Functional regions – places connected by movements (ex. Larger cities and the smaller cities that surround it – people travel there to meet their needs)

  20. Kentucky’s Physical Regions

  21. Madison County’s Regions • Formal – Bluegrass • Functional – Lexington and the smaller communities that surround it like Richmond – many people travel to Lexington to work, shop, entertainment, doctor, etc.

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