THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE , NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW.

1. THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW. • THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BEASKED IN YOUR QUIZZES and PRACTICAL TESTS. • STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR STUDYING THEIR MANUAL AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUS.

2. Lab # 9 Urinary System

3. Functions of the Urinary System 1- Regulates blood composition and blood pressure, as well as body fluid composition and volume 2- Regulates blood pressure by releasing rennin, which activates the rennin-angiotensin mechanism that raises the blood pressure 3- Regulates some metabolic reactions by converting vitamin D to its active form 4- Releases erythropoietin, which increases production of red blood cells 5- Helps to regulate blood pH by controlling the loss of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions in the urine 6- Helps to regulate calcium ion levels by producing calcitriol

4. Overview of the Urinary System

6. Parietal peritoneum Renal fascia Adipose capsule Renal capsule External Anatomy Stomach Pancreas Hylus Renal artery Spleen Renal vein Kidney Ureter It anchors the kidney to the abdominal wall It helps protect the kidneys from trauma and maintains the kidneys in place It protects the kidneys from trauma and infections

7. Renal column Cortex Medulla Renal pyramids Renal sinus Renal lobe Minor calyx Major calyx Ureter Renal pelvis Internal Anatomy Blood vessels Parenchyma Renal papilla

8. Afferent arteriole Afferent arteriole Venules Efferent arteriole Peritubular capillaries Arcuate artery Nephron Interlobar artery Interlobar vein Interlobular or cortical radiate arteries Interlobular or cortical radiate veins Interlobular or cortical radiate arteries Interlobular or cortical radiate veins Segmental artery Renal artery Renal vein 3- Blood Supply to the Kidney Arcuate vein Arcuate vein

9. Cortical nephron Glomerulus Afferent arteriole Juxtamedullary nephron Venule Efferent arteriole Cortex It receives most of the total renal blood flow Peritubular capillaries Cortical radial vein Cortical radialartery Corticomedullary junction Arcuate artery Arcuate vein Medulla It receives 1% to 2% of the total renal blood flow Vasa recta

11. 2- Nephron Renal tubule They are the filtering units of the kidney Renal corpuscle Collecting duct Connecting tubule

12. Bowman’s capsule (Simple squamous epithelium) Parietal layer Glomerulus Pedicels & filtration slits Arterial capillaries (Fenestrated endothelium) Visceral layer (Podocytes) Macula densa Proximal convoluted tubule Juxtaglomerular cells 1- Renal corpuscle Efferent arteriole Capsular space Juxtaglomerular Apparatus Chemoreceptors that monitor the concentration of sodium Mechanoreceptors that monitor blood pressure and volume. They contain granules of renin Distal convoluted tubule Afferent arteriole

13. Filtration Membrane Lamina densa (basement membrane Capillary endothelial cell

15. Renal Tubule Proximal convoluted tube Distal convoluted tube Connecting tubule Collecting duct Descending limb Ascending limb Papillary duct Loop of Henle

18. The Ureters

19. The Urinary Bladder

21. The Urethra