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Anthropology 597.01 Cultural Conflict in D eveloping Nations

“Quantities like length, breadth, distance, and magnitude are susceptible of exact mathematical determination; human actions cannot be so calculated .” - Sun Tzu. Anthropology 597.01 Cultural Conflict in D eveloping Nations. Anthropology.

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Anthropology 597.01 Cultural Conflict in D eveloping Nations

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  1. “Quantities like length, breadth, distance, and magnitude are susceptible of exact mathematical determination; human actions cannot be so calculated.”- Sun Tzu Anthropology 597.01 Cultural Conflict in Developing Nations

  2. Anthropology • The holistic & scientific study of humankind as a biological & cultural entity • Scientific study of humankind • What does it mean to be human? • Focus on human biological & cultural evolution

  3. Anthropological Concepts Holism • Perspective that integrates all known information • Global perspective, all time periods • Compare as wide a range of human societies as possible

  4. Anthropological Concepts • Relativism • View subject in terms of their principles, traditions, history, etc. • Ethnocentrism • The view that the ways of one’s own culture are superior to those of other cultures • evaluating aspects of other cultures utilizing the values of one’s own culture

  5. Archaeology 1. Reconstruct cultural history 2. Reconstruct past lifeways 3. Study cultural process • Independent invention • Diffusion • Migration

  6. Physical/Biological Anthropology The study of human biology within the framework of evolution • specializations: • paleoanthropology • primatology • human biology

  7. Linguistic Anthropology The study of human speech and language • Origins & historical ties • Language & Culture • Shapes cognition & thought • Social interaction of lang & Society • Gender, class, ethnicity Our best intelligence suggests the insurgents are this tall Non-verbal communication

  8. Cultural Anthropology • Study of human culture & behavior • Comparison of differences & similarities of cultures • Participant Observation • Intensive Fieldwork • Ethnography & ethnology • Emic Perspective • member of society’s view of the world • EticPerspective • understanding of the world or a behavior from the perspective of an outside observer

  9. Social Organization Bands25 – 150 (ex. !Kung) • H/G • Elder/shaman • No social stratigraphy • Reciprocity (general) Tribes 75 – 500 (ex. Yanamamo) • Horticulturalist / Pastoralist • Headman, unite for common defense • little social stratigraphy • Reciprocity (balanced)

  10. Social Organization Chiefdoms1000’s (ex. Cahokia) • Small scale agriculture • Chief (CPA) • Begin social stratification • Redistribution State 10k’s (ex. pick one) • Intensive Agriculture • Central Political Agent (President, PM, Queen/King) • Bureaucracy • Marked social stratification • Market Economy

  11. Culture • A system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors and material objects that members of a society use to cope with the world & one another. Culture: • gives meaning to reality • is adaptive • is shared • is cumulative • is not invented

  12. Culture & Biology • Does biology determine culture/behavior? • Biological Determinism • Critics: • Any person of any ‘race’ can be raised in any culture / language • Huge cultural diversity w/ little biological diversity • Horizontal vs. Vertical Transmission

  13. Culture in Total • Culture • any thought or action that is learned & not instinctual or biologically inherited. • “non-biological adaptations to environment passed on through acquired knowledge.” • Where do people acquire culture? • Enculturation • Acculturation

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