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Unit 8

Unit 8. Absolute & Limited Monarchies. Absolute & limited monarchies. UNIT SUMMARY : This unit is concerned with the evolution of a limited monarchy in England. It is also the comparison of absolute and limited monarchies. ESSENTIAL QUESTION :

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Unit 8

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  1. Unit 8 Absolute & Limited Monarchies

  2. Absolute & limited monarchies • UNIT SUMMARY: • This unit is concerned with the evolution of a limited monarchy in England. It is also the comparison of absolute and limited monarchies. • ESSENTIAL QUESTION: • Is absolutism better for a nation’s people or its ruler?

  3. I. Commercial Revolution • Commercial Revolution started transition of EUR from local economies to global economy. (3 parts) • Part 1 – Global Trade • 1. massive trade increase in world • 2. China – silk & porcelain; India – tea; Africa – slaves; Amer – sugar, rice, tobacco

  4. I. Commercial Revolution • B. Part 2 – Mercantilism • 1. nation’s power gained thru more gold & silver – need to control trading • 2. “Mother Country” exported goods to colonies in exchange for raw materials • 3. competition for colonies led to wars in EUR (ENG v HOL & ENG v FR)

  5. I. Commercial Revolution

  6. I. Commercial Revolution • C. Part 3 – Free Enterprise (Capitalism) • 1. business owners risked capital ($) to make profits • 2. new businesses needed lgamt of $ • 3. to raise $, joint-stock companies formed (private company sold stock to raise $ and share profits)

  7. I. Commercial Revolution • EUR had more products to use now • More books, learning, entertainment • These led to more occupations • Stimulated growth of middle class • Led to raising the standard of living

  8. II. The Age of Kings • Decline of feudalism, Ren & Ref ideas, & Commercial Rev. increase power of monarchs • A. Growth of Royal Power • 1. Kings began to control rel in their country • 2. EX: Henry VIII started own church

  9. ABSOLUTE MONARCH • DEFINITION: • PICTURE:

  10. II. The Age of Kings • 3. Henry married Catherine (SP) – 20 yrs & one daughter & 6 dead sons. • 4. Meets Anne Boleyn & want 2nd marriage. Pope said no to divorce. • 5. Breaks w/ Catholic Church & starts Anglican or Church of England – he is head of church & gov (theocracy)

  11. Absolute Monarchs #1. Catherine of Aragon #2. Anne Boleyn Henry VIII (Elizabeth I) (6 wives – 3 children) (Mary I)

  12. II. The Age of Kings • 6. EX: Thirty Years War – war b/w Catholics & Protestants in GER. • 7. Result – King decided rel for region

  13. II. The Age of Kings • 8. EX: Louis XIV (FR) built Versailles – “tamed” nobles by living w/ king – entered costly wars

  14. II. The Age of Kings • B. Justify Royal Power • 1. many rulers adopted Ren view – “reason of the state” • 2. Thomas Hobbes (ENG) said man was not good – w/o absolutism man would be at war too much

  15. II. The Age of Kings • 3. Absolute ruler could act impartially to maintain order in society

  16. II. The Age of Kings • 4. James I (ENG) & Louis XIV (FR) based absolutism on divine right – king is God’s deputy on Earth & royal commands express God’s wishes • C. Absolutism in Russia • 1. serfdom increased • 2. Peter the Great

  17. II. The Age of Kings • a. Turned Russia into modern nation • b. intro Western ideas, tech, customs • c. expanded borders, took control of church, moved capitol to St. Petersburg (on coast of Baltic Sea) • d. wanted Russia to have window to the West

  18. II. The Age of Kings • 3. Catherine the Great • a. continued Peter’s plan • b. defeated Ottomans • c. serf conditions worsened • d. work corresponded w/ • FR thinkers

  19. III. England’s Monarchy • A. Magna Carta • 1. 1215 – nobles force John, guarantee basic rights to English ppl • 2. king’s power CAN be limited • B. Parliament • 1. 2 houses – Lords & Commons – King needs their approval to raise taxes

  20. III. England’s Monarchy • C. Road to Limited Monarchy • 1. Tudors (Henry VIII & Eliz I) created strong central gov & used Par to help • 2. Stuarts – James I had conflicts w/ Par over power. His son Charles I tried to raise taxes w/o Par – led to civil war

  21. III. England’s Monarchy • 3. ENG Civil War – 1642-49 – b/w king & Par. – Par. led by O. Cromwell- Chas I lost war -beheaded. Charles II in 1660 was king & agreed to more reforms to limit king’s power

  22. III. England’s Monarchy • 4. Glorious Revolution–1688–James II favored Catholics - forced to abdicate & give crown to daughter Mary II & husband William. They had to agree to Bill of Rights (limited power again)

  23. III. England’s Monarchy • D. Influential People • 1. John Locke challenged divine right & Hobbes. • 2. Locke believed a gov power comes from the consent of ppl not God

  24. III. England’s Monarchy • 3. Ppl enter a “social contract” w/ gov & should revolt when gov abused power • 4. Govis to protect life, liberty, happiness (ideas influence AMER & FR)

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