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Nail Diseases & Disorders Module 24 – 08’ Module 10 – 12’

Nail Diseases & Disorders Module 24 – 08’ Module 10 – 12’. Introduction. Nails are small mirrors of the general health of the entire body You must be able to recognize conditions you may encounter while servicing clients Infectious conditions should not be treated by salon professionals.

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Nail Diseases & Disorders Module 24 – 08’ Module 10 – 12’

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  1. Nail Diseases & DisordersModule 24 – 08’Module 10 – 12’

  2. Introduction • Nails are small mirrors of the general health of the entire body • You must be able to recognize conditions you may encounter while servicing clients • Infectious conditions should not be treated by salon professionals

  3. Normal healthy nail • Firm • Flexible • Shiny • slightly pink in color • Some races have more yellow tones

  4. Surface should be • Smooth • Unspotted • Without pits • No splits

  5. The Nail • Onyx – composed of (protein) Keratin • Nail Bed – portion of the skin on which the nail plate rests • Nail root – Matrix – where the nail is formed • Lunula – half moon – light color is caused by the reflection of light where the matrix and connective tissue of the nail bed join • Nail Body – Plate – rests on and is attached to the nail bed

  6. Nail Malformation • Matrix – if disease, injury or infection occurs, the shape or thickness of the nail plate could change • A nail can be replaced as long as the nail matrix is in good condition • Nail replacement - 4 – 6 months

  7. Nail Disorders • A condition caused by injury to the nail or some disease or imbalance in the body • May have to refer client to a physician • Cosmetically improve certain nail plate conditions if the problem/disorder is cosmetic and not a medical disorder

  8. Refer to physician • It is your professional responsibility and a requirement of your license to know which option to chose • Infected • Inflamed • Broken • Swollen • Did you know? PP 207

  9. Bruised Nails • Blood clot formed under the nail plate (body) forming a dark purplish spot • Cause: injury to nail bed • Treatment: gently and avoid pressure • Prognosis: grow out

  10. Blue Nails • Discolored nails • Cause: • poor blood circulation • Heart disorder • Oral medications • Treatment: regular manicures with polish, tips or wraps • Prognosis: until cause is corrected

  11. Ridges • Running vertically down length of natural nail plate • Caused: • uneven growth of nails • Usually result of age

  12. Treatment: carefully buff nail plate to minimize appearance of ridges • Ridge filler is less damaging - used with colored polish • Prognosis: regular manicures to keep ridges to a minimum

  13. Corrugations (Seleronychia) • Wavy ridges • Cause: uneven growth usually from injury or illness • Treatment: Carefully buff • Prognosis: until it grows out and illness or injury is healed with no damage to the matrix

  14. Eggshell Nail • Noticeably thin, white nail plate (body) • More flexible than normal • Normally weaker & curve over free edge • Nail plate (body) separates from the nail bed and curves at the free edge • Cause: improper diet • Hereditary factors • Internal disease • Medication • Nervous disorder

  15. Treatment: use fine side of file do not use pressure • Fragile and can break easily • Do not use heavy pressure pusher at the base of the nail plate • Nail is thinnest here and most likely to be punctured • Prognosis: grow out after cause has been corrected

  16. Furrows (Depressions) • Lengthwise or across the nail • Cause: injury near or at the nail matrix • pregnancy • Stress • Lengthwise • psoriasis • Poor circulation • frostbite

  17. Treatment: Avoid use of metal implements • Prognosis: grow out if cause can be removed

  18. Beau’s Lines • Visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate • Cause: • Major illness or injury that has traumatized the body • Pneumonia • Adverse drug reaction • Surgery

  19. Heart failure • Massive injury • High fever • Matrix slows down producing nail cells for an extended period of time (week –month) • Treatment: • Avoid use of metal implements • Carefully buff

  20. Prognosis: nail plate thickness usually returns to normal after the illness or condition is resolved

  21. Hangnail (Agnail) • Cuticle split around nail – leaves a piece (fringe) of skin • Cause: dryness • cutting too much cuticle • Carelessly removing cuticle tissue

  22. Treatment: hot oil manicures • NEVER cut the living skin around the natural nail plate • IT IS AGAINST STATE REGULATORY AGENCY REGULATIONS • Can lead to serious infections for which you and the salon may be legally liable

  23. Prognosis: heals when treated (if not infection may set it) • Symptoms of infection • Redness • Pain • Swelling • Pus • Refer to a physician

  24. Leukonychia • White spots • Cause: injury to base of nail • Minor damage to Matrix • Myths: • Vitamin or mineral deficiency • Calcium or zinc deficiency • Treatment: polish • Prognosis: disappear as nail grows out

  25. Melanonychia • Darkening of nail plate (body) • Black band under or within nail plate –extending from the base to the free edge • Cause: localized area of increased pigment cells • Fairly common occurrence • Considered normal in African Americans • Could be indicative of a disease or condition in Caucasians

  26. Treatment: polish • Prognosis: grows out

  27. Onychatrophia • Atrophy or wasting away of the nail • Cause: injury or disease • Treatment: • file smooth with fine file • DO NOT USE METAL PUSHER! • Prognosis: depends on how badly injured or if disease is curable

  28. Onychauxis • Hypertophy – overgrowth of the nail in thickness • Cause: • local infection • Internal imbalance • hereditary • Treatment: • if infected - DO NOT TREAT! • If no infection - file smooth and buff • Prognosis: depends on cause, and how long it has been left untreated

  29. Discolored Nails • Nails that turn a variety of colors • Surface staining • Systemic disorder • Poor blood circulation

  30. Cause: • Surface stains from nail polish • Foods • Dyes • smoking • Internal discoloration due to • Biological • Medical • pharmaceuticals

  31. Treatment: • Colored polish • Prognosis: depends on cause

  32. Onychophagy • Bitten nails • Cause: • Chew the nail or hardened damaged skin surrounding the nail plate • habit • stress • nervous

  33. Treatment: • Enhancements • Frequent manicures • Care of hardened eponychium • Improving health and appearance of hands • Prognosis: good if habit stops

  34. Onychorrhexis • Abnormal brittleness or splits with striation (lengthwise lines) of the nail plate – appearing rough • Cause: • Injury to Matrix • excessive use of cuticle solvents/polish removers • Aggressive/careless filing • vitamin deficiencies • illness • frequent exposure to strong soaps, harsh cleaners • Hereditary causes

  35. Treatment: • Can only be treated if nail is not split and exposing the nail bed • oil manicures • Prognosis: good over time with treatment

  36. Plicatured Nail • Folded nail – 90 degrees or more down into tissue • Highly curved nail plate • Cause: • Injury that deforms the matrix • May be inherited • Leads to ingrown nails

  37. Treatment: careful filing or physician • Prognosis: possibly need to see a Podiatrist

  38. Nail Pterygium • Abnormal condition that occurs when skin is stretched by the nail plate • Forward growth of the Eponychium • Cause: • Improper cuticle care • Serious injury – burns • Adverse skin reaction to chemical products

  39. Treatment: • DO NOT USE METAL IMPLEMENTS! • Gentle massage of cuticle creams/oils • Hot oil manicures may be helpful • Prognosis: usually not reversible

  40. ** If irritated, painful or shows signs of infection – refer to a physician • Note: - Pterygium is not normal – denotes damage to the eponychium or hyponychium

  41. Splinter Hemorrhages • Appearance of a small splinter under the nail plate • Positioned lengthwise in the direction of growth • Cause: physical trauma or injury to the nail bed that damages capillaries and allows blood flow • Treatment: colored polish • Prognosis: grows out as nail grows

  42. Increased Curvature Nails • The greater the curvature of the Matrix – the greater the curvature of the free edge • Range • Mild • Severe pinching of the soft tissue at the free edge

  43. Tile – Shaped Nails • Increased crosswise curvature throughout the nail plate • Cause: increased curvature of the matrix • Treatment: none • Prognosis: irreversible

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