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DNA and RNA

DNA and RNA. Section 5.1. DNA. Stores information about an organism. Proteins. Made up of chains of amino acids 20 different amino acids combine to make thousands of proteins lysozyme has 129 amino acids dystrophin has 3685 amino acids. Proteins.

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DNA and RNA

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  1. DNA and RNA Section 5.1

  2. DNA • Stores information about an organism

  3. Proteins • Made up of chains of amino acids • 20 different amino acids combine to make thousands of proteins lysozyme has 129 amino acids dystrophin has 3685 amino acids

  4. Proteins • DNA stores the information (code) that tells the cell what amino acids to put together to make a specific protein • Code – a set of rules and symbols used to carry information (computer uses ones and zeroes)

  5. DNA Structure • A double stranded spiral, twisted ladder • Four nucleotides make up the ladder } Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine Each of these connect to each other }

  6. DNA Structure • The order of the bases determine the code for what protein is to be made • The genetic code is a triplet of bases • Each triplet codes for 1 amino acid • (T-C-T codes for arginine)

  7. DNA Structure Gene – the entire sequence of the bases that codes for all the amino acids in a protein Each gene is made up of a sequence of bases at a particular location on the DNA

  8. Replication • Process where DNA is copied • Occurs before a cell divides into two

  9. Replication Process • Step 1 • Two strands of DNA separate

  10. Replication Process • Step 2 • Nucleotides in area match up to nucleotides on DNA strands

  11. Replication Process • Step 3 • At completion, there are 2 identical molecules of DNA. Each has one old strand and one new strand.

  12. RNA • Ribonucleic acid • Carries the information from DNA to a ribosome where the amino acids are brought together to make a protein • 3 types • Messenger (mRNA) • Ribosomal (rRNA) • Transfer (tRNA)

  13. Transcription • Process of transferring info from DNA to RNA • Uses 4 nucleotide bases • Guanine • Cytosine • Adenine • Uracil

  14. Transcription • Only part of DNA opens up • RNA bases match up to complimentary DNA bases • A-U • C-G

  15. Transcription • Only a single strand of RNA is produced • When complete RNA is released so more can be made • DNA closes when finished

  16. Translation • Three specific bases = 1 amino acid • To make proteins, cells must translate nucleotide base “language” to amino acid “language” • The actual assembly of bases is the translation

  17. Translation • 1) ribosome attaches to beginning end of mRNA • 2) tRNA matches up and joins mRNA • 3) ribosome attaches one amino acid to another as it moves along the mRNA • 4) tRNA is released • 5) translation is finished at end of mRNA and finished protein is released • VIDEO

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