1 / 19

Stage 39 STUDIA: studies

Stage 39 STUDIA: studies. New Grammar: Gerundives in a Purpose Clause Subjunctive Clauses after verbs of Fearing – “ fearing clauses ” More on Word Order Word Patterns – verbs & nouns Culture – Authors, Readers, & Listeners. Gerundives. You have previously met sentences like these:

donnel
Download Presentation

Stage 39 STUDIA: studies

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Stage 39STUDIA: studies New Grammar: Gerundives in a Purpose Clause Subjunctive Clauses after verbs of Fearing – “fearing clauses” More on Word Order Word Patterns – verbs & nouns Culture – Authors, Readers, & Listeners

  2. Gerundives • You have previously met sentences like these: • Mihifabulanarranda est. • I must tell a story. • Hateriuslaudandus est. • Hateriusshould/must be praised. • In these examples, the gerundivesnarranda and laudandus are being used with estto indicate that (in the speaker’s opinion) something ought to be done (“the story ought to be told,”“Haterius ought to be praised”).

  3. Gerundives • When a gerundive (future passive participle) is used with a form of sum, it is simply the passive periphrastic conjugation. • However, the gerund without sum is often employed in Latin to express purpose as an alternative to a subjunctive purpose clause using ut/ne. • Also quite common was the use of: • ad + an accusative gerundive phrase or • postpositive causā + a genitive phrase to indicate purpose. 1a. Vēnitadlegendumlibrōs. 1b. Vēnitadlibrōslegendōs. • He came to read books. (He came for reading books.) 2a. Otium petit legendilibrōscausā. 2b. Otium petit librorumlegendorumcausā. • He seeks leisure for the sake of reading books.

  4. Gerundives in a Purpose Clause • More recently, you have met examples of the gerundive used in phrases without est. • Pollapostesianuaeunguitfascinationisavertendaecausā. • Pollaannoints the doorposts for the sake of averting the evil eye. OR • Pollaannoints the doorpost to avert the evil eye. • Nimbosingentesdemisitad genus mortaleperdendum. • He sent down huge rain-clouds for the purpose of destroying the human race. OR • He sent down huge rain-clouds to destroy the human race. • Meisfiliisasciscendisme magnoperehonoras. • By adopting my sons, you honor me greatly.

  5. Gerundives in a Purpose Clause Aliis iuvandis te ipsum iuvas. You help yourself in order to help others. Nulla erit occasio orationis Imperatoris audiendae. There will be no chance for hearing the speech of the Emperor.

  6. Gerundives in a Purpose Clause:What is the case of the gerundive in the sentences below? Milites faces ferebant ad arbores incendendas. Accusative The soldiers were carrying torches to burn the trees. Clade prohibendā vitas civium multorum servavistis. Ablative By prohibiting/preventing the disaster, you have saved the lives of many citizens.

  7. Gerundives in a Purpose Clause Exercitus ad Caledoniam belli contra barbaros gerendi causā mittetur. Genitive The army will be sent to Scotland for the sake of waging war against the barbarians.

  8. Gerundives in a Purpose Clause Haec verba dicit ad te perturbandum. Accusative He says these words to upset/alarm you. Agricolae cupiditas Romae regendae cavenda est nobis. Genitive We must beware of Agricola’s desire of ruling/to rule Rome.

  9. Review of the Use of Gerundives • Purpose clause • “for the sake of___” or “to___” • ad + _____ • _____ + causa • Necessity Clause • “must” – main verb of sentence

  10. Fear Clauses Verbs in fearing clauses are always subjunctive. Because a fear can be for the past, present, or future, you must pay particular attention to the tense of the subjunctive verb. Verbs denoting fear or appreciation often take subjunctive noun clauses introduced by “ne” (that) or “ut” (that…not) occasionally “nē nōn” was employed instead of “ut”. The conjunctions “ut” & “ne” are just the opposite of what might be expected because, in origin, the clauses they introduced were essentially jussive clauses. i.e. timeo ne abeas = I fear that you may go away = timeo. Ne abeas! = I’m afraid. Don’t go away!

  11. Fear Clauses • Auxiliaries employed in translating CAN include will or may (primary sequence) or might and would (secondary sequence). • Timeo ne id credant = I fear that they will/may believe it. (if main verb is present tense, translate subjunctive using will or may. • Vereor ut id credant = I am afraid that they will/may not believe this. • Timuerunt ne amicos amitterent = They feared that they might/would lose their friends. • Metuisti ut mulieres ex casa exissent = You were afraid that the women had not left the house.

  12. Subjunctive after Verbs of Fearing:Translate & give the tense of the subjunctive Timeo ne genus mortale deos fallere conatum sit. perfect I am afraid/fear that the mortal race has tried to deceive the gods.

  13. Subjunctive after Verbs of Fearing:Translate & give the tense of the subjunctive Domitia, fragore audito, verita est ne Paris de arbore cecidisset. Pluperfect After the crash had been heard, Domitia feared that Paris had fallen from the tree. Periculum est ne litterae ad Agricolam non afferantur. There is danger that the letter may not be brought to Agricola.

  14. Subjunctive after Verbs of Fearing:Translate & give the tense of the subjunctive Vereor ne Pollam in matrimonium ducere prohibear. Present I am afraid that I may be prohibited from marrying Polla. Timebamus ne diutius dubitavissemus. pluperfect We were afraid that we had hesitated/ doubted for too long.

  15. Subjunctive after Verbs of Fearing:Translate & give the tense of the subjunctive Anxiane eras ut te his malis eriperem? imperfect Were you nervous that I would not snatch you away from these evil things?

  16. More on Word Order • In Stage 36, you met verse sentences like this: • Exigis ut nostros donem tibi, Tucca, libellos. • You demand that I (should) give you my books, Tucca. • The adjective nostros is separated from the noun which it describes (libellos).

  17. More on Word Order • In Stage 39, you have met sentences in which one noun-and-adjective phrase is followed by another: • caeruleus frater iuvat auxiliaribus undis. • His brother from the deep blue sea helps him with additional waves. • Arboresubmagnāparva latebat avis. • A small bird was hidden under a large tree. • Vertice de summo liquidos mons evomit ignes. • The mountain spewed out liquid from its highest peak.

  18. More on Word Order • You have also met sentences in which one noun-and-adjective phrase is placed inside another: • Nunc ibi deformes ponunt sua corpora phocae. • Now the ugly seals rest their bodies there. • In medios vēnit iuvenis fortissimus hostes. • A very brave young man came into the middle of the enemies.

  19. Word Patterns: Verbs & Nouns • Study the form and meaning of the following verbs and nouns: verbsnouns • Nōmināre - nominate, name nōmen -name • Volvere– turn, roll vōlumen – roll of papyrus, scroll • Ungere – anoint smear unguentum – ointment Following the above examples, complete the following: • certāre – compete certāmen - • crīmināre– accuse crīman – • arguere – argumentum – proof, argument • impedīre - impedīmentum – hindrance, nuisance • Vestīre – clothe, dress vestīmenta – • ornāre – ornāmentum – • torquēre - tormentum -

More Related