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China Debate Education Network

China Debate Education Network. Constructing Arguments for Leader of Opposition 反方领袖的论点建构 Note: Constructing arguments is not the only job of the First Opposition , but it is the focus of this lesson. Refutation, the other responsibility, is covered elsewhere.

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China Debate Education Network

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  1. China Debate Education Network Constructing Arguments for Leader of Opposition 反方领袖的论点建构 Note: Constructing arguments is not the only job of the First Opposition, but it is the focus of this lesson. Refutation, the other responsibility, is covered elsewhere. 说明:论点建构并不是反上的唯一职责,但本课只关注这一问题。反驳这一职责将在其它课程中讲解。 翻译:曾庆熹

  2. Responsibilities of Leader of Opposition反方领袖的职责 • General responsibility: To confront the Opening Government case and establish Oppositionarguments. • 总体职责:反对正方上院立论同时建立反方论点体系。 • Specific Responsibilities 具体职责 • To explicitly develop the Opposition stance明确反方立场 • directly or indirectly refute part or all of the Opening Government case (to be covered in a later lesson) 直接或间接地反驳正方上院局部或全局的立论(后面课程) • To construct independent Opposition arguments建构独立(于正方)的反方论点

  3. Responsibility One: Developing the Opposition Stance职责一:建立反方立场 • Explicitly support the current policies. 明确支持现状 • Defend the general direction of current policies with minor changes. 总体上支持现行政策方向同时进行微调 • Support a counter proposal or counter model (recommended only for advanced debaters). 相抗政策(仅推荐高年资辩手使用)

  4. Creating Constructive Arguments : Three Common Options建构本方论点:三个基本选项 • The Government model will not solve the problems .正方模型不能解决问题 • The principle supported by the Opposition team is best. 反方所持原则最优 • The Government model will create more problems than it solves.正方模型弊大于利

  5. The Government model will not solve the problems正方模型不能解决问题 • Nations of the world should provide a minimum level of education to all their citizens.世界各国应当为他们的人民提供最基本的教育 • Sub-Saharan Africa has a shortage of qualified teachers.撒哈拉以南非洲合格教师短缺 • This shortage will not be solved by funding and infrastructure. 增加资金和基础设施投入不能解决这个短缺

  6. The Government model will create more problems than it solves正方模型弊大于利 • Nations of the world should provide a minimum level of education to all their citizens.世界各国应当为他们的人民提供最基本的教育 • Providing funding and infrastructure for education is costly.为教育增加资金和基础设施投入花费巨大 • Those funds will prevent nations from investing more in HIV-AIDS这样的投入会影响这些国家对防治艾滋病的投入 • The funds lost to HIV-AIDS are worse than inadequate funds for education防治艾滋病缺钱比教育缺钱更严重

  7. The Opposition Counterproposal is Better反方相抗政策更优 • Counterproposal: increased funds should go to HIV-AIDS research rather than to education. • 相抗政策:增加的资金应投入艾滋病研究而不是教育 • The counterproposal is better相抗政策更优 • Providing funding and infrastructure for education is costly.为教育增加资金和基础设施投入花费巨大 • Resources are not available for both education and HIV-AIDS research现有资源不能同时供应教育和艾滋病研究 • Putting limited resources to HIV-AIDS has more advantages than increased funds to education. 将有限资源投入艾滋病比投入教育效用更大

  8. Role of the Deputy Leader of Opposition反方副领袖职责 • Continue refutation of the 1st Government Case 继续反驳正上立论 • Continue significant refutation of Leader of Opposition继续深化反方领袖的重要反驳 • Refute new argument of Deputy Prime Minister 反驳副首相的新论点 • Rebuild argument offered by Leader of Opposition 重构反方领袖的论点 • Add at least one new argument to the case of the First Opposition为反上增加至少一个新论点

  9. THANKYOU! 谢谢

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