Did graduation from JNTU in Civil Engg 1979

1. WELCOME Student of MHRM (Pondicherry Uni.) Did PG Diploma in Comp. Science (HCU) Promoted as DEE Undergone ToT for 28 weeks in India, Thailand & USA Did Masters in Water Mgt. Joined as faculty member Undergone LTC in IWM(10 Months) Worked in SLMP in Stores, Power house-ii, SLBC etc. Joined I & CAD as AEE in 1979 Did graduation from JNTU in Civil Engg.in 1979 V.R.S.SARMA Faculty member

2. Learning objectives • Categorise causes of degradation • Identify types of maintenance works • Prepare an annual maintenance plan • Prepare an annual maintenance completion report

3. Learning objectives • Identify causes of distress in structures • Select suitable materials for repairs • Apply appropriate techniques • Take precautions when working with cement

4. Maintenance objective To achieve and sustain, on a long term basis, the agreed or approved level of operational efficiency in the system, in conformity with its designed performance.

5. General Maintenance Plan A comprehensive document containing; Maintenance need assessment Physical and social causes for the degradation of the physical items in irrigation system Identification, categorisation & prioritisation of works Preparation & implementation of maintenance plans Costing and Execution of works Maintenance completion reports

6. Causes of degradation • Weathering action • Damage by wind, rain, Sun, lightning, storms, floods etc. • Wetting and drying, heating and cooling. • Contact with saline water and other aggressive agents. • Operational wear and tear • Normal wear and tear due to service loads. • Abnormal wear and tear due to unsystematic operation. • Improper designs and inadequate maintenance. • Damages by pests • weeds, animals, and human vandalism • Interference in performance due to weeds, rodents, animals and human vandalism.

7. Types of damages • Primary structural • Secondary structural • High velocity flow • Deterioration • Bad workmanship • Cracks in concrete/masonry

8. Structural Primary • Unforeseen & unfavourable variations in external loading, support system, internal resistance. Secondary • Due to difficulties in quantifying certain secondary structural actions, assessing their precise effects • Ex., restrained volume changes due variation in temperatures

9. 2. High velocity flow • Ex.Cavitations, abrasion, and erosion 3. Deterioration • Gradual disintegration of concrete and masonry 4. Bad workmanship • Segregation, inadequate compaction,excessive water content, leaky and misaligned form work and inadequate curing etc.,

10. Effects of degradation • Siltation of bed and sides reducing the carrying capacity of channels • Erosion of bed and sides of channels affecting the water levels • Endangering safety and stability of canal banks and structures • Failure of equipment and machineries

11. Causes for cracks in concrete and masonry • Excessive loads • Restrained shrinkage or expansion • Alkali-aggregate reactions • Corrosion of reinforcement

12. Types of cracking Map or pattern Random or crazing Fine: < 1 mm Medium: 1 to 2 mm Wide: > 2 mm Oriented

13. Causes of cracks Primary cause Excessive lateral load, Differential settlement Characteristic Well defined, oriented more or less normal to the principal tension directions; usually stepped along the joints in masonry; edges may be displaced; crushed; markedly narrower at one end and wider at the other: may be dormant or show gradual increase with time.

14. Causes of cracks……….contd. Primary cause Restrained shrinkage or thermal movement Characteristic May range from superficial random hairline to deep well oriented; usually show seasonal variation in width; prominent on faces exposed to the Sun and at reduced or weakened sections.

15. Causes of cracks……….contd. Primary cause • Alkali-aggregate reaction or external attack by sulphates etc. • Corrosion of reinforcement Characteristics • Polygonal(map like) pattern developing gradually with time; usually accompanied by swelling, softening and spalling. • Along the reinforcement lines; spalling and discoloration usually follow in due course.

16. Types of works (as per G.O.Ms No.46 I& CAD 1. Normal O & M works(category A) • Desilting • Weed removal • Embankment repairs • Revetment • Repairs to shutters • Repairs to masonry and lining; • Cleaning & Oiling of screw gearing shutters • Painting of hoists and gates etc.,

17. Types of works contd • Emergent breach closing works and • Maintenance of inspection paths 2. Deferred maintenance workds(Rehabilitation works-category-B) • Recontruction of sluices • Reconstruction/repairs to drops & reglators • Reconstruction of measuring devises • Rehabilitation of the system

18. Types of works contd. Original works(category-C) • Modernisation of the system • Any other new construction work in the irrigation system • Will be taken up by the dept. in the normal procedure

19. Maintenance categories & priorities • Emergency repairs • Ordinary repairs • Special repairs • Rehabilitation/modernisation

20. MaintenanceNote: In the Context of FOs the nomenclature & procedure some what changed vide APFMIS Act & G.O.Ms.No.46 Ordinary repairs Minor repairs • Repairs of minor leakages in irrigation channels • Filling potholes/ruts in the canal banks and service roads • Closing minor breaches in small channels. • Clearing unwanted vegetation and plants from the canal banks, beds and along service roads. • Lubricating gauges and other mechanical parts. • Repainting name-boards, gauges and markers on canal banks inspection roads, etc. Major repairs • Large scale removal of aquatic plants form canals and drains. • Silt removal from larger canals. • Re-sectioning canals/drains. • Resurfacing service reads etc.

21. Special repairs • Silting or scouring of canal bed and banks. • Failure of canal lining. • Damages to protective works, energy dissipaters, waste weirs, etc. • Works to check excessive conveyance and operation losses.

22. Emergent repairs • Damages by floods • Piping in canals • Breaches in the system • Incipient system failures • Considerations for attending • Need not wait for sanction, budget allocation etc. • Close some parts of canal if need be • Promptness and speed of restoration are of prime importance.

23. FO shall take up normal O & M works costing upto Rs.5 lakh under the supervision of the dept.

24. Procedure for taking up works • System diagnosis for maintenance works • Prioritising works • Preparation of estamates • Admn. Approval • Technical clearanc • Manner of taking up works • Maintenance and adherence to the designed Hydraulic Particulars

25. Procedure for taking up works contd. • Limitation on works • Publication of list of works to be taken up • Freedom to add other Funds or Extra Contributions • Proof of works

26. Typical implementation schedule • Preparation of annual maintenance plan Nov. 30 • Preparation of cost estimates Dec. 31 • Proposals for additional funds Jan. 15 • Invitation of bids and settlements contract for normal maintenance works Feb. 28 Invitation of bids and finalisation of contract For special repairs Mar. 31 Completion of maintenance works (except petty works) May 31

27. Annual maintenance completion report • Action plan for the year • Implementation and achievements • Constraints and causes • Lessons learnt

28. Completion report • The action plan for the year • Implementation and achievement • Constraints (causes) • Physical (design/operation deficiencies) • Temporal (inadequate closures) • Financial (inadequate budgets) • Social (public interference) • Lessons learnt and remedial actins proposed for inclusion in the next year’s action plan

29. BIS-Codes

30. Materials used Cement • As grout • As mortar • As concrete • With incorporation of additives and admixtures • To modify water content • To control setting & hardening time etc. • With reinforcement bars, mesh or fibres • To