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U.S. History

The Settlement of New England. U.S. History. HINT: When you think about the settlement of New England, think RELIGION ! ! ! Sought Freedom of religion and freedom from persecution in England but when they get to the New World….?. Puritans. and. Separatists.

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U.S. History

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  1. The Settlement of New England U.S. History

  2. HINT: When you think about the settlement of New England, think RELIGION ! ! ! Sought Freedom of religion and freedom from persecution in England but when they get to the New World….?

  3. Puritans and Separatists

  4. Calvinism (aka, Reformed Doctrine) • John Calvin: Institutes of the Christian Religion • Predestination: • eternal salvation by grace alone • the Elect chosen by God (predestination) • works can not save people from Hell • couldn’t be certain of their spiritual status. • Gnawing doubts led to constantly seeking signs of “conversion.”

  5. Calvinism (aka, Reformed Doctrine) • Ephesians 2: 8 For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God— 9 not by works, so that no one can boast. • Ephesians 1: 4 For he chose us in him before the creation of the world to be holy and blameless in his sight. In love 5 he[b] predestined us for adoption to sonship…

  6. Puritanism • Puritans: • Want to totally purify [reform ] the Church of England. • Church of England was still basically Catholic in structure and beliefs • Monarch was head of Church and Archbishop of Canterbury top religious leader • Grew impatient with the slow process of Protestant Reformation back in England.

  7. Separatists • Separatist Beliefs: • Only “visible saints” [those who could demonstrate their Elect status] could be church members • the Church of England enrolled all the king’s subjects – so Separatists felt they had to share churches with the “damned” • therefore, a total break from the Church of England was necessary

  8. Sources of Puritan Migration

  9. Plymouth Colony • 1620  a group of 102 people [half Separatists] sailed on the Mayflower • Non-Separatists included Captain Myles Standish. • under the Va. Co. charter • Plymouth Bay --outside domain of VA Co. • No legal right to land • No authority to establish a govt.

  10. The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1620

  11. The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1620 • Not a constitution, but an agreement to form a crude govt. and submit to majority rule. • Signed by 41 adult males. • Led to adult male settlers meeting in assemblies to make laws in town meetings.

  12. Covenant Theology • “Covenant of Grace”: • between Puritan communities and God. • “Social Covenant”: • Between members of Puritan communities with each other. • Required mutual watchfulness. • No toleration of deviance or disorder! • No privacy.

  13. That First Year…. • Winter of 1620-1621 • 44 of the original 102 survived • None chose to leave in 1621 when the Mayflower sailed back. • Fall of 1621  First “Thanksgiving.” • survived with fur [especially beaver], fish, and lumber • Plymouth was small / economically unimportant • 1691  only 7,000 people • merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony

  14. William Bradford Self-taught scholar Governor of Plymouth Colony 30 yrs. Worried aboutnon-Puritans settlements springing up nearby and corrupting Puritan society!

  15. The MA Bay Colony • 1629  non-Separatists (Puritans) got a royal charter to form the MA Bay Co. • Wanted to escape attacks by conservatives in the Church of England. • They didn’t want to leave the Church, just its “impurities.”

  16. The MA Bay Colony • 1630  1,000 people set off in 11 well-stocked ships • Established a colony with Boston as its hub. • “Great Migration” of the 1630s: • Political/religious turmoil in England [leading to the English Civil War] sent about 70,000 Puritans to America.

  17. John Winthrop • “A Model of Christian Charity” sermon • Became 1st governor of Massachusetts. • Believed that he had a “calling” from God to lead there. • Served as governor or deputy-governor for 19 years. We shall be as a city on a hill..

  18. Colonizing New England

  19. First Seal of MA Bay

  20. Land Division inSudbury, MA: 1639-1656

  21. Characteristics of New England Settlements • Low mortality  avg. life expectancy was 70. • Many extended families. • Avg. 6 children per family. • Avg. age at marriage: • Women – 22 years old • Men – 27 years old.

  22. Patriarchy Authoritarian male father figures controlled each household. Patriarchal ministers and magistrates controlled church congregations and household patriarchs.

  23. Dissenters • Roger Williams --young, popular minister in Salem. • Wanted full break with Anglican Church • Condemned MA Bay Charter: • Did not give fair compensation to Indians. Roger Williams

  24. Dissenters • Roger Williams -- • Denied authority of civil govt. to regulate religious behavior. – separation of church and state • 1635  found guilty of preaching “newe & dangerous opinions” and was exiled. Roger Williams

  25. Rhode Island • 1636  Roger Williams fled there. • Remarkable political freedom in Providence, RI • Universal manhood suffrage  later restricted by a property qualification. • Opposed to special privilege of any kind  freedom of opportunity for all. • RI becomes known as the “Sewer” because it is seen by the Puritans as a dumping ground for unbelievers and religious dissenters  More liberal than any other colony!

  26. Dissenters • Anne Hutchinson --intelligent, strong-willed, well-spoken • …threatened patriarchal control! • Charged with Antinomianism • Means “against the law.” • Carried doctrine of predestination to extremes: • Believed a holy life was not a sure sign of salvation. • Truly saved didn’t need to obey the law of either God or man. (No need for morals?)

  27. Anne Hutchinson’s Trial • 1638  she confounded the Puritan leaders for days. • Eventually bragged that she had received her beliefs DIRECTLY from God. • …more serious than the heresy of antinomianism! Why? • This was a threat to the men in power….people didn’t pastors to interpret!

  28. Anne Hutchinson’s Trial • Puritan leaders banished her  she & her family traveled to RI and later to NY. • She and all but one member of her family were killed in an Indian attack in Westchester County. • John Winthrop saw God’s hand in this!

  29. New England Spreads Out

  30. New England Colonies, 1650

  31. Puritans vs. Native Americans • Indians especially weak in New England  epidemics wiped out ¾ of the native popul. • Wampanoags [near Plymouth] befriended the settlers. • Cooperation between the two helped by Squanto. • 1621  Chief Massasoit signedtreaty with the settlers. • Autumn, 1621  both groups celebrated the First Thanksgiving.

  32. The First Thanksgiving? In 1863, President Lincoln proclaimed Thanksgiving an official US holiday.

  33. The Pequot Wars: 1636-1637 • Pequots  verypowerful tribein CT river valley. • 1637  PequotWar • Whites, withNarragansettIndian allies,attacked Pequotvillage on Mystic River. • Whites set fire to homes & shot fleeing survivors! • Pequot tribe virtually annihilated an uneasy peace lasted for 40 years.

  34. A Pequot VillageDestroyed, 1637

  35. King Philip’s War (1675-1676} • Only hope for Native Americans to resist white settlers was to UNITE. • Metacom [King Philip to white settlers] • Massasoit’s son united Indians and staged coordinated attacks on white settlements throughout New England. • Frontier settlements forced to retreat to Boston.

  36. King Philip’s War (1675-1676} • The war ended in failure for the Indians • Metacom beheaded and drawn and quartered. • His son and wife sold into slavery. • Never a serious threat in New England again!!

  37. Population of the New England Colonies

  38. Population Comparisons:New England v. the Chesapeake

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