Minimally Invasive Instrumentation System MIIS HPM Field-Testing Application

1. Minimally Invasive Instrumentation SystemMIISHPM Field-Testing Application August 2011 Dr. P. Parhami, SARA pparhami@sara.com

2. Purpose of Our Visit • Introduction to a new class of instrumentation system under development which can provide verification of HPM effects and M&S in operational environments • Minimally invasive • Massively parallel • ~10X lower cost per parallel channel

3. Introduction to SARA • Diversified R&D company • DETEC: TREM, GTIM, mmTarget Board • EMP Products and Services • Facility EMP hardening, test services • MIL-STD-188-125 • Aircraft EMP hardening, test services • MIL-STD-3023 draft • Instrumentation system, data management workstations • HPM • Advanced HPM antennas

4. SARA is a Leading Innovator in HPM/HPRF Antennas Flat Aperture Waveguide Sidewall- Emitting Antenna (FAWSEA) • Unusually low-profile allows it to fit into shallow-depth airborne platforms. • HPM-tested 100% successful at KAFB. • Superb high-power handling and gain. • Designs adaptable to a very wide range of aperture aspect ratios. • US Patent # 7,528,786. 100+ MW class HPM World’s 1st Fully-Steerable HPM Antenna • Supports engagements with moving targets • High-gain, rapidly-steerable beam • Experimentally-validated. • In use by MAXPOWER • US Patent # 6,559,807. GW-class HPM Multi-kW HPRF, CW or long pulse GW-class HPM Highly-Deployable, Field-Replaceable, Broad-band HPRF Antenna for Close-range DEW. Curved Aperture Waveguide Sidewall- Emitting Antenna (CAWSEA) • Supports portal screening for human-borne IEDs. • Circularly-polarized  couples to a wider variety of Points-of-Entry (PoEs) than linear-pol antennas. • Minimizes exposure of U.S. forces to potentially hostile bomb incidents. • Stores compactly; easily-replaceable in the field. • This curved version of the FAWSEA enables even more conformal fits to many highly-compact airborne platforms. • Novel feed system compensates for aperture phase error. • Superb high-power handling (like FAWSEA) and gain. • Designs adaptable to a very wide range of aspect ratios.

5. Agenda • A cost-effective instrumentation system is needed for operational environments • Able to measure >100 of parallel channels • Uses minimally invasive sensors • Introducing MIIS • A new test paradigm • Under development (DTRA sponsorship) • MIIS-HPM concept • Offering leap forward in capability in ~ 1 year

6. Need Better Understanding of HPM Coupling and Propagation • Need to accurately estimate HPM energy at target locations in operational environment • Minimally invasive (minimal perturbation) • Correlation to laboratory effects testing • Validate M&S codes • Candidate operational applications: • IED defeat: Impact of lossy and inhomogeneous ground on HPM beam pattern • Counter Electronics: HPM coupling to complex unhardened structures • Car stopping: HPM coupling to vehicle cables

7. HPM Field Testing Shortcomings • HPM antenna patterns are estimated through M&S and validated in anechoic chambers • Field patterns vary greatly in presence of inhomogeneous ground, complex structures, random clutter, … • Limited number of sensors used in today’s field testing leave many questions unanswered: • What was the actual HPM field pattern? • Where were the sensor probes in relation to the pattern Max, Min? • Where were the sensor probes in relation to the rep-rate timing? • How distorted were the measured fields due to the sensor cables? X Direction of flight X See for details X Y X

8. Direction of flight Y X From file: CAWSEA_groundspot_150ft_altitude.mph MIIS HPM Application Example Moving HPM Platform Near real-time monitoring of HPM field pattern or coupling Sensor matrix form a wireless network Ethernet Cable Control Computer Digital F.O. MIIS node integrated field sensor Via balanced E&H Stratton-Chu A.I. Wi-Fi Router

9. Existing HPM Measurement Systems • DETEC-sponsored “HPM Sensor Suite” 30 parallel channels (EG&G) • Analog fiber optics lines bring back sensed signals to a shelter full of digitizers • Too expensive to expand beyond 30 parallel channels • Too invasive for field applications • coax connection (sensor to analog F.O. transmitters) • Limited to the range of analog F.O. lines • Time consuming to deploy • DETEC-sponsored Field Strength Sensor Network (FSSN) • 8 parallel wireless nodes, developed for long term operation • Custom node hardware • Not cost effective for 100+ channels • Not designed for internal meaurements

10. Agenda • A cost-effective instrumentation system is needed for operational environments • Able to measure >100 of parallel channels • Use minimally invasive sensors • Introducing MIIS • A new test paradigm • Under development (DTRA sponsorship) • MIIS-HPM concept • Offering leap forward in capability in ~ 1 year

11. Traditional Instrumentation Architecture Shield modification Aperture System Under Test Excitation Signal Transmitter Fiber Optics Analog Transceiver Fiber Optics Analog Tansceiver Fiber Optics Analog Transceiver • • • Sensors Control Computer • • • Recording Instrumentation • • • Fiber Optics Analog Transceiver Analog conducting line Digital conducting line Analog fiber optics line Digital fiber optics line Digital wireless link

12. MIIS Revolutionary Architecture Aperture System Under Test Excitation Signal Transmitter Interface Node 1 Digital Optical Link Digital Optical Link Wireless Router Interface Node 2 Sensors Control Computer • • • • • • Analog conducting line Interface Node n Digital conducting line Analog fiber optics line Digital fiber optics line Digital wireless link

13. Maximum Reusability for HPM Applications Applications Applications Applications Control Software • Calls to the Backbone control and communication toolbox • Custom needs for each class of applications DTRA MIIS Backbone Reusable Rapidly Deployable Digital Network • Daisy chained digital F.O. • Wi-Fi links • Maximum use of COTS standards and components • Common control and communication toolbox for all applications Sensor Heads Sensor Heads Sensor Heads Sensor Heads Sensor Heads • Application specific detection hardware • Interfaces with Backbone interface MIIS Backbone, EMP Control, and CWI sensor head currently under development (sponsored by DTRA)

14. Agenda • A cost-effective instrumentation system is needed for operational environments • Able to measure >100 of parallel channels • Use minimally invasive sensors • Introducing MIIS • A new test paradigm • Under development (DTRA sponsorship) • MIIS-HPM concept • Offering leap forward in capability in ~ 1 year

15. HPM Field-Test Instrumentation System • HPM field test requirements: • Simultaneously measure field components at many distributed locations • ~100 or more locations, spread over ~100s meters • Reduce cost/channel by ~ 10X • Control computer placed >> 100 meters away • Measure true field versus perturbed field • Rapidly deployable sensor matrix • Survive HPM environment • GPS location and timing

16. Direction of flight Y X From file: CAWSEA_groundspot_150ft_altitude.mph MIIS HPM Application Example Moving HPM Platform Near real-time monitoring of HPM field pattern or coupling Sensor matrix form a wireless network Ethernet Cable Control Computer Digital F.O. MIIS node integrated field sensor Via balanced E&H Stratton-Chu A.I. Wi-Fi Router

17. HPM Sensor Interface Node ConceptSARA IR&D • Sensor node control processor: • Low Power Microprocessor • Multi-channel A/D • 16+ GB or more static memory • Wireless and digital F.O. Comm • Interface with third party current probes • Size of a deck a cards! • Sensor node with integrated 3-axis field sensor: • Narrowband HPM envelop • Wideband HPM waveform

18. Summary/Feedback • HPM Laboratory Effects data and M&S results need to be validated in operational environments • Radiating over lossy & inhomogeneous ground • Coupling to complex structures • MIIS an important piece of the puzzle! • Economical (10X savings/channel) • Massively parallel • Minimally invasive, minimally intrusive • Digital backbone and EMP application under development • HPM sensor prototypes under development (SARA IR&D) • Uses the identical digital backbone