TOPIC 14: World War II

1. 1931-1945 TOPIC 14:World War II 14.3: America enters wwii

2. Japan Attacks the United States December 1941: the United States had engaged in warlike activity but had yet to commit itself to fighting with either side. A surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, an American naval base in Hawaii, ended all debate and brought the United States into the war. The participation of the United States in this war, as in World War I, would decide the struggle's conclusion.

3. Patriotism Inspires Rapid Mobilization 1. After the Japanese attack, a spirit of patriotism and service swept across the country, inspiring exceptional actions by military personnel and civilians alike. 2. Americans searched for ways to contribute to the war effort. a. joined the military b. volunteered with Red Cross and other organizations c. moved into new jobs to help.

4. Patriotism Inspires Rapid Mobilization

5. The Early War in the Pacific After Pearl Harbor, the Japanese knew they had to move fast to gain important positions in Asia and the Pacific. Japan's population was smaller than the United States, but the Japanese had military advantages, including advanced weapons and a well-trained and highly motivated military. At the start of the Pacific war, the outlook was poor for America.

6. The Early War in the Pacific

7. Losses in the PacificMacArthur was supreme commander of Allied forces in the Pacific during WWII but struggled at first to hold positions in the PhilippinesBataan Death Marchforced march of American and Filipino prisoners of war under after the Allies lost the Philippines

8. The march from Bataan is notorious for the inhumane way the Allied prisoners of war were treated. Analyze Maps Which parts of the march were by foot? Which parts were by rail?

9. Japan AdvancesJapanese were securing resources like oil and rubber and were controlling Southeast Asia and the western Pacific

10. Battle of Coral Sea Halts the Advance WWII battle that took place between Japanese and America aircraft carriers in May 1942, stopping the advancement of the Japanese in the Pacific

11. In the decades between World War I and the attack on Pearl Harbor, tensions between Japan and the United States were primarily caused by Japan feeling threatened by the U.S. presence in Asia and the Pacific. Japan feeling threatened by the U.S. presence in Asia and the Pacific. American attempts to take over Japanese-controlled territory. the refusal of the U.S. to trade any natural resources with Japan. Japanese attacks on U.S. ships trading with China.

12. After the United States entered World War II, 4. American women and minorities found new opportunities. the economy failed to improve. the federal government seized control of factories in order to increase war production. the military did not expand quickly until after the creation of the draft. American women and minorities found new opportunities.

13. The Battle of Coral Sea was significant because 4. It stopped Japan's advance into the Pacific and boosted American confidence. it allowed Japan to take control of the Philippines. it marked the first time that American bombers had attacked the Japanese home islands. it secured important oil and rubber supplies for Japan. it stopped Japan's advance into the Pacific and boosted American confidence.

14. 1931-1945 TOPIC 14:World War II 14.4: A WAR ON TWO FRONTS

15. Allied Strategy The attack on Pearl Harbor brought America into World War II on the Allied side. By June 1942, the Allies were battered but still fighting. British pilots had fought off a Nazi invasion of their island, while at the Battle of Coral Sea, the U.S. Navy had frustrated Japanese plans to extend their domination in the Pacific.

16. German troops march through Berlin, Germany, to mark the surrender of France in 1940. What does this photo suggest about the power of the Axis armies during the early years of the war?

17. Analyze Charts How were the goals of the countries fighting in World War II similar and different?

18. The European Front The first blow America struck against the Axis was by fulfilling Roosevelt's promise to be the 'arsenal of democracy.' American factories turned out millions of tons of guns, tanks, and other supplies—enough to keep the Soviets and British battling Germany for years. The problem was delivering the weapons, food, and medical supplies that fueled the Allied war machine.

19. The European Front

20. Axis Powers on the Defensive • 1. Germany was now on the defensive, and the Allies planned to keep it that way. • 2. In January 1943, Roosevelt and Churchill met in Casablanca, Morocco, to plan their next move. • a. Result: Allies decided to increase bombing of Germany and invade Italy. • B. Result: Roosevelt announced that the Allies would accept only unconditional surrender.

21. Axis Powers on the Defensive

22. Turning Points in the Pacific 1. Allies pursued their 'Europe First' strategy, but did not ignore the Pacific. 2. Through May 1942, Japanese forces continued to advance with seemingly unstoppable momentum. 3. Japanese attacked American, British, and Dutch colonies, winning control of the Philippines, Malaya, Dutch East Indies, Hong Kong, Wake Island, Guam, and Burma.

23. Turning Points in the Pacific

24. Why was the location of Midway Island so significant? What impact would a Japanese victory at Midway have on the war in the Pacific?

25. The relationship between the Allies was complicated by 2. Soviet mistrust of Western intentions. American neutrality in the first years of the war in Europe. Soviet mistrust of Western intentions. American concerns over Japanese aggression in the Pacific. British concerns over its border security in the Atlantic.

26. Why did the Allies decide to wage a campaign in North Africa rather than the European mainland? It would require fewer resources and pave the way for an Allied invasion of Italy. It would require fewer resources and pave the way for an Allied invasion of Italy. It would allow the Allies to gain control of the precious oil fields in the Middle East. It would force the Axis to retreat from Stalingrad and give the Soviets a chance to regroup. It would prevent the Axis from receiving reinforcements from Japan’s Indian Ocean fleet.

27. U.S. and British forces struck a major blow against the Nazis’ capacity to make war by 4. strategically bombing Germany’s major industrial centers. helping drive them out of the Soviet Union. forcing Italy to surrender and change sides. cutting off its access to the rich Caucasus oil fields. strategically bombing Germany’s major industrial centers.

28. The Battle of Midway is considered one of the major turning points of the war because 4. it halted the Japanese advance and put them on the defensive. it effectively destroyed Japan’s ability to launch airstrikes. it eliminated Japan’s main refueling station for its air force. it bought U.S. forces more time to focus on the war in Europe. it halted the Japanese advance and put them on the defensive.

29. 1931-1945 TOPIC 14:World War II 14.5: The home front

30. Patriotism on the Home Front 1. While fathers, sons, husbands, and brothers served overseas, their families served on the home front. 2. Every American, regardless of age or background, was expected to help boost morale and make sacrifices to shoulder the cost of the war. 3. The war effort increased patriotism and caused ordinary citizens to take exceptional actions.

31. Japanese Internment During World War II 1. Not all Americans were included in the spirit of unity. 2. The attack on Pearl Harbor also spread fear across America. 3. The federal government began drafting policies aimed toward immigrants and aliens from the Axis nations. 4. Aliens are foreign citizens living in the United States. 5. All resident 'enemy aliens' were required to register with the government, submit to fingerprinting, and list their organizational affiliations.

32. Japanese Internment During World War II

33. Increased Opportunities in Employment 1. All over the United States, American industry quickly converted to war production to meet the nation's military needs. 2. As the economic effects of World War II brought the Great Depression to an end, the millions of unemployed men who had been such a common sight during the 1930s seemed to vanish overnight. 3. They either joined the military, worked to produce food for the world on the nation's rich farms, or labored in factories producing war material.

34. Increased Opportunities in Employment 4. Soon, factories needed to hire workers outside of their usual pool of mostly white men. 5. To keep production going, more women and more African Americans found opportunity in defense industries, although they still faced significant obstacles to gaining and succeeding in those jobs.

35. Increased Opportunities in Employment

36. Migration During World War II 1. Wartime needs encouraged migration. 2. People from rural areas, whites and African Americans, moved north to industrial cities and west to California. 3. They sought jobs in wartime industries or near military bases. 4. Farmers looked for creative ways to keep their farms producing necessary food. 5. The moving population and new jobs invigorated Americans but the effects of changing demographics also led to strain and unrest in some areas.

37. Migration During World War II

38. Americans on the home front demonstrated their patriotism and helped combat shortages by 2. growing their own food in “victory gardens.” purchasing government war bonds. growing their own food in “victory gardens.” buying and selling coupon books for rationed goods. contributing to a “black market” for consumer goods.

39. Over 100,000 Japanese Americans were forced into internment camps as a result of Executive Order 9066, which 2. designated certain areas as war zones. classified them as enemy combatants. designated certain areas as war zones. retroactively revoked their citizenship. banned resident aliens from owning property.

40. President Roosevelt helped increase employment opportunities for African Americans when he 1. issued Executive Order 8802. issued Executive Order 8802. instituted the Congress of Racial Equality. created the Office of Price Administration. founded the United Service Organizations.

41. Through the government’s bracero program, 2. laborers migrated from Mexico to work on farms in the West. Japanese Americans were allowed to serve in the military. laborers migrated from Mexico to work on farms in the West. African American workers were paid the same wages as whites. laborers migrated from Mexico to work in factories in the North