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VECTOR CONTROL

VECTOR CONTROL. Parties Caterers Small towns/cities Backyards/homes Cabins Golf courses Resorts Campgrounds. Business facilities Parks Outdoor weddings Church events Ball parks City/civic events Theme parks. SERVING THE FOLLOWING MARKETS:. MOSQUITO AS VECTORS.

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VECTOR CONTROL

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  1. VECTOR CONTROL

  2. Parties Caterers Small towns/cities Backyards/homes Cabins Golf courses Resorts Campgrounds Business facilities Parks Outdoor weddings Church events Ball parks City/civic events Theme parks SERVING THE FOLLOWING MARKETS:

  3. MOSQUITO AS VECTORS These “vectors” are the #1 killers of human beings throughout the world: • Malaria – from Anopheles species • Yellow Fever – from Aedes species • Dengue – from Aedesspp. (recent outbreak in Hawaii) • Encephalitis diseases – many kinds, including WestNileVirus – most species are capable of spreading it, but Culex is the most important in New Jersey

  4. WEST NILE VIRUS

  5. WEST NILE CASES • First detected in US in 1999 • 1999 62 cases of Severe WNV 7 deaths all in New York City area. • 2000 21 cases 2 deaths all in NYC area. • 2001 66 cases 9 deaths. • 2003 9122 cases 223 deaths nation wide.

  6. WEST NILE VIRUS • The virus is stored in the mosquito’s salivary gland and is transmitted when the mosquito takes a blood meal. • As of January 2004 – 37 species of mosquitoes have tested positive for the WNV

  7. WEST NILE HUMAN CASES3752 CASES IN 2007 ALONE

  8. WEST NILE VIRUS • 37 Mosquito Species can be infected with WNV. • Culex is primary vector (Southern House Mosquito) breeds in septic water. • Not spread person to person or animal to animal. • Dead birds in area indicator (Jays & Crows) 40-60% mortality. Sparrows are probably main transmitter as WNV propagates at high levels in blood • People over 50 highest risk of infection • Most serious manifestation of WNV is fatal encephalitis type (inflammation of the brain).

  9. NEW JERSEY LICENSING • CATEGORY (8B) MOSQUITO • ONLY CATEGORY THAT WILL COVER APPLICATIONS FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL IN NEW JERSEY

  10. LIFE CYCLE • All mosquitoes undergo complete metamorphosis and have four distinct stages in their life cycle: Egg, larva, pupa and adult. • The eggs, larva and pupa life stages are all aquatic; the adults are terrestrial.

  11. MOSQUITO BIOLOGY

  12. MOSQUITO BIOLOGY • All mosquitoes must have water in which to complete their life cycle. • Mosquitoes never develop in grass or shrubbery, although the flying adults frequently rest there during daylight hours. • Only female mosquitoes feed on blood – males feed on nectar and other plant juices • Female mosquitoes may travel up to 30 miles from their breeding location

  13. MOSQUITO BIOLOGY • Eggs laid directly on water usually hatch within 2 or 3 days • Eggs laid by the “tree hole” or “flood water” species – in pockets that will later fill with water – can survive up to 5 years without hatching if water is not present

  14. MOSQUITO LAYING EGGS

  15. MOSQUITO EGGS • When first deposited eggs are white; they become dark brown to black within an hour or two. • Shape varies, with most being football or boat shaped. • Species may be divided by where and how they lay their eggs.

  16. MOSQUITO LARVAE

  17. POOL OF LARVAE AND PUPA

  18. LARVAE OR WIGGLERS • Growth and development phase. • Head capsule equipped with a pair of well developed biting jaws or mandibles. • Abdomen contains a siphon tube (for breathing) in most species. Larva will be seen near the surface of water with the breathing tube protruding. • Most feed on plankton, decaying organic matter, some are predaceous.

  19. LARVAE • Development time varies by species, available food and temperature. May be as few as 5 days or as long as 30 days or even more.

  20. PUPAL STAGE • Called tumblers, shaped like a comma • Non-feeding stage • When undisturbed congregate at surface of water. • Disturbed – tumble toward the bottom of pool.

  21. PUPAL STAGE • Depending on spp and temperature, pupal stage may only last 1 or 2 days or up to 10 or more.

  22. MOSQUITOES FOUND IN NEW JERSEY

  23. AEDES AEGYPTI

  24. AEDES AEGYPTI • AEDES AEGYPTI IS THE PRIMARY VECTOR OF HUMAN DENGUE FEVER AND YELLOW FEVER • SURVIVAL IS POOR IN HOT DRY CLIMATES • MEDIUM SIZED BLACKISH MOSQUITO • HAS SILVERY WHITE LYRE-SHAPED PATTERN ON SCALES

  25. AEDES AEGYPTI • EGGS ARE DEPOSITED ON DAMP ARTIFICIAL CONTAINERS • ONE OF TOP PRODUCERS IN TIRE PILES OR CONTAINERS • EGGS CAN RESIST DESSICATION FOR UP TO ONE YEAR • EGGS HATCH WHEN FLOODED BY DEOXYGENATED WATER • LARVAE DEVELOP FROM EGG TO ADULT FROM 4-10 DAYS.

  26. AEDES AEGYPTI • FOUND ABUNDANTLY IN TOWNS AND CITIES • EARLY MORNING OR LATE AFTERNOON FEEDERS • PREFERS HUMAN BLOOD OVER OTHER MAMMALS • WILL FREQUENTLY RESIDE INSIDE HOMES • DOES NOT SURVIVE FREEZING TEMPERATURES (EGG OR ADULT)

  27. AEDES VEXANS

  28. AEDES VEXANS • LAYS DESSICATION RESISTANT EGGS • PRIMARILY IN FRESH FLOODWATER GROUND DEPRESSIONS • CONSIDERED A FLOODWATER MOSQUITO • WILL OVERWINTER IN EGG FORM

  29. AEDES VEXANS • RELYS ON SUMMER RAINS TO FLOOD LOW LYING GROUND DEPRESSIONS • GOES THROUGH ACCELERATED LARVAL DEVELOPMENT • CAN EMERGE AS AN ADULT 4-5 DAYS AFTER EGG HATCH

  30. CULEX PIPIENS

  31. CULEX PIPIENS • CONSIDERED THE HOUSE MOSQUITO OF THE USA • IS A LIGHT BROWN MOSQUITO WITH NO DISTINCTIVE MARKS • WILL BREED IN STORM DRAINS, POLLUTED POOLS, DITCHES, SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS AND ANY POLLUTED BODY OF WATER

  32. CULEX PIPIENS • Lays non-dessication resistant eggs • Must lay directly on water for eggs survival • Eggs hatch in 1-2 days • Larvae thrive in polluted water habitat • Overwinters as a mated female • Most common vector of St. Louis

  33. ASIAN TIGER MOSQUITO

  34. ASIAN TIGER MOSQUITO • ALSO KNOWN AS AEDES ALBOPICTUS • WAS INTRODUCED INTO TEXAS IN 1985 • WAS FOUND IN NJ IN 1995 • KNOWN AS A CONTAINER BREEDER • LAYS DESSICATION RESISTANT EGGS ON THE SIDE OF CONTAINERS

  35. ASIAN TIGER MOSQUITO • EASY TO IDENTIFY WITH WHITE STRIPES ON IT’S LEGS AND ABDOMEN • PREFERS TO BREED IN TIRES BUT WILL LAY EGGS IN ANY CONTAINER • IS A PEST TO HOMEOWNERS BECAUSE IT WILL FEED DURING DAYLIGHT HOURS AS WELL AS AT DUSK

  36. BREEDING SITES MOSQUITOES FREQUENT

  37. BREEDING SITES

  38. BREEDING SITES

  39. BREEDING SITES

  40. BREEDING SITES

  41. BREEDING SITES

  42. BREEDING SITES

  43. BREEDING SITES

  44. BREEDING SITES

  45. BREEDING SITES

  46. BREEDING SITES

  47. MOSQUITO DEPRESSION

  48. VECTOR EQUIPMENT

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