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H.L.BAJAJ CHAIRMAN

Electrical Safety. H.L.BAJAJ CHAIRMAN. CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY. INTRODUCTION ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY IN INDIA MORE THAN 100 YEARS OLD. STILL ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS TAKE PLACE IN SPITE OF ADVANCEMENT IN TECHNOLOGY. THIS UNDERLINES THE NEED FOR TIMELY SAFETY.

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H.L.BAJAJ CHAIRMAN

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  1. Electrical Safety H.L.BAJAJ CHAIRMAN CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY

  2. INTRODUCTION • ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY IN INDIA MORE THAN 100 YEARS OLD. • STILL ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS TAKE PLACE IN SPITE OF ADVANCEMENT IN TECHNOLOGY. • THIS UNDERLINES THE NEED FOR TIMELY SAFETY. • IT IS NOT JUST THE ACCIDENTS THAT SHOULD BE INVESTIGATED BUT THE “NEAR MISSES” i.e. ACCIDENTS WAITING TO HAPPEN. • REDUCTION IN ACCIDENTS RESULTS IN AVOIDING LOSS OF LIFE, PROPERTY ETC.

  3. Per Capita Electricity Consumption & Human Development Index (HDI) Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index prepared on a scale of 0-1 measured by three key components - longevity, knowledge and income. Source: Human Development Report, 2004, UNDP World Development Indicators, 2002, UNDP * in the year 2003-2004

  4. WORLD ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION BY SOURCE IN % Source: IEA; Organisation for Economic cooperation & Development, 2001

  5. OVERVIEW OF INDIAN POWER SYSTEM

  6. GROWTH OF INSTALLED GENERATING CAPACITY (MW) 114565 MW on 10-11-2004

  7. All India Generating Capacity In MW

  8. REGION HYDRO THERMAL NCLR WIND TOTAL (MW) COAL GAS DSL TOTAL NORTHERN 10596 16164 3213 15 19392 1180 179 31347 WESTERN 5327 20792 5036 18 25846 760 632 32565 SOUTHERN 10383 13893 2650 939 17482 780 1672 30317 EASTERN 2460 15237 190 17 15444 0 5 17909 N.EASTERN 1134 330 751 143 1224 0 0 2358 ISLANDS 5 0 0 64 64 0 0 69 ALL INDIA 29905 66416 11840 1196 79452 2720 2488 114565 Installed Capacity as on 10.11.2004

  9. Generation during April 2004- Oct. 2004 (BU) 339.8 • High Voltage Transmission network 1 71 534 (220 KV & above) as on 31 Oct. 2004 (ckm) • Inter regional transfer capacity (MW) 8 400 • Outlay for power in Central Sector (Rs. Cr.) 1 44 000 (Xth Plan)

  10. Actual Power Supply Position(April 2004 – Oct. 2004)

  11. Actual Power Supply Position(April 2004 – Oct. 2004)

  12. RURAL ELECTRIFICATION • Target for 100 % Village Electrification - By 2007 • Target for 100 % Household Coverage - By 2009

  13. Demand as per 16th E.P.S.

  14. NUCLEAR EVENTS • International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) classifies Nuclear Events in the 0 to 7 point International Nuclear Event Scale (INES). • Event level 0 - “Deviations” • (no safety significance). • Events level 1 to 3 - “Incidents” • Events level 4 to 7 - “Accidents”. • No Nuclear accident at level 4 or higher occurred so far in Indian Nuclear Power Plants.

  15. NUCLEAR EVENTS • Two Major Nuclear Accidents. • Three Mile Island (USA 1979) • Reactor severely damaged. • Radiation contained. • No adverse health and environmental impact. • Rated 5 on INES • Chernobyl (Ukraine 1986) • Reactor destroyed. • 31 people killed. • Significant health and environmental impact. • Rated 7 on INES

  16. COMPARISON OF ACCIDENT STATISTICS IN PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION (Source : Briefing Paper on Safety of Nuclear Power Reactors, Nov.,2003)

  17. FACTS IN PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION • NUCLEAR DISTINCTLY SAFER TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY. • OVER ONE THOUSAND PEOPLE DIE EVERY YEAR IN COAL MINES TO PROVIDE FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY. • MINING AND MULTIPLE HANDLING OF FOSSIL FUEL FOR TRANSPORTATION TO POWER PLANTS INVOLVES MANY HAZARDS. • SIGNIFICANT HEALTH & ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ARISING FROM FOSSIL FUEL USE.

  18. NEED FOR ELECTRICAL SAFETY • ELECTRICITY is an integral part of today’s modern world but it can also shock you painfully, damage sensitive equipment and ignite combustible materials. • ELECTROCUTIONS rank 4th (9%) in causes of industrial fatalities (after traffic, violence and construction). • At the house voltage frequency even lower Voltages can kill while people have withstood 40,000 Volts at a frequency of a million cycle or so without fatal effects.

  19. EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON HUMAN BODY

  20. ELECTRICAL SAFETY SYSTEM • THE SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SHOULD ENSURE:- • SAFETY TO SELF • SAFETY TO FELLOW WORKMEN • SAFETY TO THE USER OF ELECTRICITY • SAFETY TO PUBLIC • SAFETY OF EQUIPMENT & APPLIANCES • CONTINUITY & RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY

  21. SOME LEADING CAUSES OF ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS • 1. UNSAFE ACTS • There are 2 basic reasons for unsafe acts : • - We don’t know better. • - We know better but intentionally do something unsafe. • SOME OF THE UNSAFE ACTS ARE AS UNDER : • Use of improper ,unconventional or defective/unsafe tools • Lack of proper instruction or supervision • Inadequacy or absence of essential protective devices

  22. Failure to de-energize, lockout & tagout hazards during maintenance, repairs or inspections. • Lack of Training & Job knowledge • Poor Judgement/Intemperence • Non adherence to Safety rules/instructions • Working in an elevated position near overhead lines • Absence of Caution/Warning boards • Accidental touch • Negligence/Carelessness ofWorkers or Others • Adverse Mental/physical condition/fatigue of the Workers

  23. 2. UNSAFE EQUIPMENT • Loose Connections and defective parts • Faulty Insulation • Improper Grounding • Non existence of Safety Alarm system • Ineffectiveness of Safety Interlocks • Unguarded Live parts • 3. HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS • Presence of Flammable Vapours, liquids, gases and combustible dusts • Presence of Static discharge

  24. Corrosive & Explosive environment • Poor Housekeeping – blocked electrical boxes, storage of flammable material in equipment rooms lack of proper hazard signs etc. • 4. OTHER CAUSES • Absence of fencing, guards, wall/barriers • Unauthorised/unwarranted entry of human beings and animals • Lack of public awareness • Inadequate lighting at Workplace

  25. SAFE INSTALLATIONS • VARIOUS WAYS OF PROTECTING PEOPLE AND PROPERTY FROM ELECTRICAL ACCIDENT • PROPER INSULATION & GROUNDING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS/ INSTALLATION • GUARDING OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION • USE OF CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICES WITH ADEQUATE INTERLOCKS • STRICT COMPLIANCE WITH SAFE WORK PRACTICES

  26. TOOLS AND PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT • TOOLS USUALLY REQUIRED ARE: • LADDERS • SAFETY BELTS • RODS • GLOVES, COATS, BLANKETS, MATS OF APPROVED INSULTING MATERIAL • HELMETS & EYE PROTECTIONS • HAND LINES • CANVAS TOOL BAGS • PROTECTIVE CLOTHING & FOOTWEAR

  27. EVOLUTION OF PROTECTION SYSTEM • TRADITIONAL SYSTEM • One Device required per function • MODERN SOLUTION • Numerical Technology based on hardware platforms and functional software libraries • Enhanced Communication Capabilities. • Allows the development of new solutions and higher degree of integration. • Efficient management of the network. • Reduces Outages. • Better Fault Analysis. • Higher quality of monitoring functionality. • Reduction of Cost.

  28. GOOD REASONS FOR PRACTICING ELECTRICAL SAFETY • 1. Personal Reasons • - Affect everyone as caring individuals and employers • Business Reasons • - Safety makes good business sense • Regulatory and Legal Reasons • - Violations can result in fines, legal action etc.

  29. ELECTRICAL SAFETY PRINCIPLES • Plan every Job. • Anticipate unexpected Events. • Use the right tool for the job. • Isolate the Equipment. • Minimize the hazard. • Protect the personnel. • Assess abilities of the personnel. Audit the above Principles periodically.

  30. ELECTRICAL SAFETY POLICY AT WORK PLACES • THE SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM NEEDS TO BE IMPLEMENTED. • SUPPORT OF TOP MANAGEMENT ESSENTIAL. • THE MAIN FEATURES ARE: • AN ELECTRICAL SAFETY PROGRAM PUT IN PLACE FOR OVERALL SAFETY DIRECTIONS IN FACILITY ACTIVITIES RELATED TO ELECTRICAL WORK. • SAFETY INCHARGE VESTED WITH NECESSARY POWERS AND TESTING RESPONSIBILITIES .

  31. ELECTRICAL SAFETY PROGRAMS TO BE INTEGRATED WITH AN OVERALL SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAM. • SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYEES AND WORKMEN: • THE USER OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT /APPLIANCES TO ENSURE ITS SAFETY BY PROPER INSPECTION & TESTING. • AUTHORISATION: • ONLY AUTHORISED PERSON BE ALLOWED TO WORK.

  32. TRAINING : • ALL PERSONNEL TO HAVE ELECTRICAL SAFETY TRAINING APPROPRIATE TO THEIR ASSIGNED JOBS. • ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY RESCUE PROCEDURES: • SYSTEM IN PLACE FOR PROMPT ASSISTANCE AND RESCUE IN CASE OF EMERGENCIES OR ACCIDENTS. • THE RESPONSE TIME SHOULD BE MINIMUM. • *FIRST AID ARRANGEMENTS: • ADEQUATE FIRST AID ARRANGEMENTS . • THE STAFF BE PROPERLY TRAINED IN FIRST AID e.g. ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION ETC.

  33. TECHNICAL SUPPORT : • ACCESS TO QUALIFIED ENGINEERING ORGANIZATION OR IN-HOUSE COMPETENT ENGINEERS TO GUIDE ON ALL ASPECTS OF OPERATIONS, MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY. • ELECTRICAL SAFETY AUDIT: • TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS AND QUALITY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ELECTRICAL SAFETY PROGRAM. • TO BE PERFORMED ON A REGULAR BASIS. • TO IDENTIFY NEW OR REVISED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON REGULATIONS, STANDARDS OR NEW TECHNOLOGIES.

  34. ELECTRICAL SAFETY- SUGGESTIONS • USE OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS OF STANDARD DESIGN AND QUALITY. • DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AS PER STANDARD NORMS WITH ADEQUATE PROTECTION & INTERLOCK FACILITIES. • ESTABLISHMENT AND STRICT IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EFFECTIVE ELECTRICAL SAFETY PROGRAM. • UTILISATION OF GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) FOR SPECIFIC LOCATIONS FOR SAFETY OF PERSONNEL. • USE OF GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTERS (GFCIs) FOR PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRICAL SHOCKS.

  35. ELECTRICAL SAFETY- SUGGESTIONS(Contd.) • USE OF EXTREMELY FAST EARTH FAULT DIVERTERS HAVING OPERATING TIME AS LOW AS 2.0 MILLI-SECONDS. • ON-LINE INSULATION MONITORING SYSTEM FOR THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS SUCH AS CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, UNDERGROUND COAL MINES etc. • DEPLOYMENT OF QUALIFIED ELECTRICAL SUPERVISORS EXCLUSIVELY FOR SAFETY WATCH DURING EXECUTION OF HAZARDOUS ELECTRICAL WORK.

  36. STATUTORY MECHANISM FOR ELECTRICAL SAFETY • THERE IS IN PLACE WELL-ESTABLISHED, TIME TESTED INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM FOR ELECTRICAL SAFETY MAINLY IN THE FORM OF INDIAN ELECTRICITY RULES, 1956. • ELECTRICAL INSPECTORS OF THE STATE GOVT. AND CENTRAL GOVT. DEPARTMENTS LIKE DEFENCE, TELECOMMUNICATION, RAILWAYS, MINES ETC. CHARGED WITH RESPONSIBILITY OF ENFORCEMENT OF THESE RULES.

  37. UNDER SECTONS 53, 73(c) & 177(2) OF INDIAN ELECTRICITY ACT 2003, CEA HAS TO NOTIFY THE REGULATIONS RELATING TO SAFETY AND ELECTRIC SUPPLY. • CEA IS PREPARING SAFETY REGULATIONS RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF : • - THERMAL POWER STATIONS • - HYDRO POWER STATIONS ; AND • - TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION OF POWER INCLUDING USE OF ELECTRICITY. • TILL THE NEW REGULATIONS ARE NOTIFIED THE SAFETY REGULATIONS IN THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY RULES, 1956 WILL CONTINUE TO BE IN OPERATION AS PER SECTON 185 OF INDIAN ELECTRICITY ACT 2003.

  38. THOUGH STATUTORY MECHANISM – RULES, SAFE WORK PRACTICES etc. EXIST BUT THEY ARE NOT SUBSTITUTEFOR A DEVELOPED CULTURE OF SAFETY WITHIN THE ORGANISATION WHICH IS VERY ESSENTIAL FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS.

  39. Thank You

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